Collective Ferromagnetism of Artificial Square Spin Ice

Bingham, Nicholas S.; Zhang, X.; Ramberger, Justin; Heinonen, Olle; Leighton, Chris; Schiffer, P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.067201

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…Artificially created spin ice lattices are geometrically frustrated dipolar coupled nanoislands wherein the interplay among various energies does not favor energy minimized state, resulting in the degenerate ground states [26][27][28]. These nanoislands are made of sub-micron-size soft ferromagnetic films with appropriate aspect ratios to accommodate a single domain with a long axis where a strong shape anisotropy dominates the magnetic properties [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field angle dependent resonant dynamics of artificial spin ice lattices

2023

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Artificial spin ice structures which are networks of coupled nanomagnets arranged on different lattices that exhibit a number of interesting phenomena are promising for future information processing. We report reconfigurable microwave properties in artificial spin ice structures with three different lattice symmetries namely square, kagome, and triangle. Magnetization dynamics are systematically investigated using field angle dependent ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two distinct ferromagnetic resonance modes are observed in square spin ice structures in contrast with the three well-separated modes in kagome and triangular spin ice structures that are spatially localized at the center of the individual nanomagnets. A simple rotation of the sample placed in magnetic field results in the merging and splitting of the modes due to the different orientations of the nanomagnets with respect to the applied magnetic field. Magnetostatic interactions are found to shift the mode positions after comparing the microwave responses from the array of nanomagnets with control simulations with isolated nanomagnets. Moreover, the extent of the mode splitting has been studied by varying the thickness of the lattice structures. The results have potential implications for microwave filter-type applications which can be operated for a wide range of frequencies with ease of tunability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field angle dependent resonant dynamics of artificial spin ice lattices

2023

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Clocked dynamics in artificial spin ice

Jensen,

Strømberg,

Breivik

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Artificial spin ice (ASI) are nanomagnetic metamaterials with a wide range of emergent properties. Through local interactions, the magnetization of the nanomagnets self-organize into extended magnetic domains. However, controlling when, where and how domains change has proven difficult, yet is crucial for technological applications. Here, we introduce astroid clocking, which offers significant control of ASI dynamics in both time and space. Astroid clocking unlocks a discrete, step-wise and gradual dynamical process within the metamaterial. Notably, our method employs global fields to selectively manipulate local features within the ASI. Sequences of these clock fields drive domain dynamics. We demonstrate, experimentally and in simulations, how astroid clocking of pinwheel ASI enables ferromagnetic domains to be gradually grown or reversed at will. Richer dynamics arise when the clock protocol allows both growth and reversal to occur simultaneously. With astroid clocking, complex spatio-temporal behaviors of magnetic metamaterials become easily controllable with high fidelity.

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Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice

Saccone,

Van den Berg,

Harding

et al. 2023

Commun Phys

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Artificial spin-ices consist of lithographic arrays of single-domain magnetic nanowires organised into frustrated lattices. These geometries are usually two-dimensional, allowing a direct exploration of physics associated with frustration, topology and emergence. Recently, three-dimensional geometries have been realised, in which transport of emergent monopoles can be directly visualised upon the surface. Here we carry out an exploration of the three-dimensional artificial spin-ice phase diagram, whereby dipoles are placed within a diamond-bond lattice geometry. We find a rich phase diagram, consisting of a double-charged monopole crystal, a single-charged monopole crystal and conventional spin-ice with pinch points associated with a Coulomb phase. In experimental demagnetised systems, broken symmetry forces formation of ferromagnetic stripes upon the surface, forbidding the lower energy double-charged monopole crystal. Instead, we observe crystallites of single magnetic charge, superimposed upon an ice background. The crystallites are found to form due to the distribution of magnetic charge around the 3D vertex, which locally favours monopole formation.

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Collective Ferromagnetism of Artificial Square Spin Ice

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Field angle dependent resonant dynamics of artificial spin ice lattices

Field angle dependent resonant dynamics of artificial spin ice lattices

Clocked dynamics in artificial spin ice

Exploring the phase diagram of 3D artificial spin-ice

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