“…In particular, this has been brought up in relation to deprived neighbourhoods of Sweden where criminal networks have a large impact on local communities (Polisen, 2017(Polisen, , 2019. Compared to other urban areas in Sweden, such neighbourhoods are characterized by higher levels of fear, more open air drug markets, more burning cars, and elevated levels of gang violence in the form of shootings and explosions (Brå, 2017;Polisen, 2017;Malmberg et al, 2013;M. Gerell, 2017;Sturup, Gerell, et al, 2019a).…”