We study the coherent dynamics of a thin layer of two-level atoms driven by an external coherent field and a phase-conjugated mirror (PCM). Since the variables of the system are defined on the Bloch sphere, the third dimension is provided by the temporal modulation of the Rabi frequencies, which are induced by a PCM which reflects an electric field with a carrier frequency different from the incident one. We show that as the PCM gain coefficient is changed, period doubling leading to chaos occurs. We find crises of attractor-merging and attractor-widening types related to homoclinic and heteroclinic tangencies, respectively. For the attractor-merging crisis we find the critical exponent for the characteristic time of intermittency versus the control parameter which is given by the gain coefficient of the PCM. We show that during the crisis of attractor-widening type, another crisis due to attractor destruction occurs as the control parameter is changed. The latter is due to the collision of the old attractor with its basin boundary when a new attractor is created. This new attractor is stable only in a very small interval in the neighborhood of this second crisis.