Collective effective dose in Europe from X-ray and nuclear medicine procedures

Bly, Ritva; Jahnen, Andréas; Järvinen, H; Olerud, Hilde Merete; Vassileva, J.; Vogiatzi, S.

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv094

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the current medical practice, radiological imaging studies are of critical importance in every aspect of patient management, and thus, they have been dramatically expanded in recent years. Most commonly used radiological imaging methods are planar X-ray and computed tomography (CT), which cause radiation exposure of patients ( 1 ). Although the benefit from medical imaging far surpasses the potential risk of radiation, medical doctors need to properly understand the risk and benefit of radiation exposure in decision making of imaging studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

et al. 2016

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The purpose of this study was to estimate average radiation exposure from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations and to analyze possible factors affecting the radiation dose. A nation-wide questionnaire survey was conducted involving all institutions that operate PET/CT scanners in Korea. From the response, radiation doses from injected FDG and CT examination were calculated. A total of 105 PET/CT scanners in 73 institutions were included in the analysis (response rate of 62.4%). The average FDG injected activity was 310 ± 77 MBq and 5.11 ± 1.19 MBq/kg. The average effective dose from FDG was estimated to be 5.89 ± 1.46 mSv. The average CT dose index and dose-length product were 4.60 ± 2.47 mGy and 429.2 ± 227.6 mGy∙cm, which corresponded to 6.26 ± 3.06 mSv. The radiation doses from FDG and CT were significantly lower in case of newer scanners than older ones (P < 0.001). Advanced PET technologies such as time-of-flight acquisition and point-spread function recovery were also related to low radiation dose (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the average radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is estimated to be 12.2 mSv. The radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is reduced with more recent scanners equipped with image-enhancing algorithms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

et al. 2016

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“…The systematic literature searches identified twelve studies: seven cross-sectional studies [ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ], one register study [ 12 ], and four cohort studies [ 13 ], [ 14 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ]. Seven studies investigated national data [ 5 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ] and one study European data of 36 countries [ 6 ] on collective effective doses of ionising radiation by different diagnostic procedures and total collective effective doses. The cohort studies [ 13 ], [ 14 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ] investigated the risk of children having been exposed to ionizing radiation by CT examinations for the development of malign neoplasms or haemoblastoma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation exposure by medical X-ray applications

Buchberger

Scholl

Krabbe

et al. 2022

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Background: Radioactive material and ionising radiation play a central role in medical diagnostics and therapy. The benefit of ionising radiation is opposed by the risk of irreparable damage of the human organism. This risk, especially for developing malign neoplasms, has particularly been investigated in the population surviving the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but also increasingly in persons with occupational or medical exposure to ionising radiation. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for publications in English and German in relevant databases in March 2016. Retrievals were screened by two independent reviewers. We included examinations using imaging procedures with ionising radiation. The assessment of methodological quality was done concerning representativeness, risk of bias, and further limitations, and reporting quality was assessed using the RECORD checklist. Results: The systematic searches identified seven cross-sectional, one register, and four cohort studies. An increase in collective effective doses analogue to the increase of computed tomography (CT) examinations could be observed. An increased risk of brain tumours in children after exposition to head CT and by an increase of the number of examinations was shown. For children with predisposing factors, an increased risk of tumours of the central nerve system, leukemia, and lymphoma was found. Furthermore, a general risk for malign neoplasms or haemoblastoma, and a specific risk for lymphoma after CT examinations of different parts of the body could be observed. Discussion: Taking into consideration a mostly unclear representativeness of studies and an unclear or high risk of bias as well as lack of comparability due to different research questions, the validity of results is limited. Conclusion: The risk of bias due to a large number of reference sources must be reduced in studies leading to realistic estimates of collective radiation doses. The risk of CT-induced radiation exposure for children should be investigated by further studies with a follow-up of at least ten years.

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“…The annual average effective dose per capita in this study such as Sweden (0.03 mSv), Norway (0.03 mSv), and Finland (0.03 mSv) was lower than that in Australia (0.07 mSv), Switzerland (0.05 mSv), France (0.09 mSv), Italy (0.08 mSv), and Luxembourg (0.15) because of the lower number of NM procedures in Iran. [ 1 21 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging has increased and led to the remarkable increase of collective effective dose to the population. [ 1 ] The ionizing radiation dose due to medical imaging in the North of Iran was estimated in 2006 while It was estimated 9.6 μSv per capita. [ 2 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the population dose from nuclear medicine examinations towards establishing diagnostic reference levels

et al. 2016

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Purpose of the Study:This study conducted a review on nuclear medicine (NM) services in Mazandaran Province with a view to establish adult diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and provide updated data on population radiation exposure resulting from diagnostic NM procedures.Materials and Methods:The data were collected from all centers in all cities of Mazandaran Province in the North of Iran from March 2014 to February 2015. The 75th percentile of the distribution and the average administered activity (AAA) were calculated and the average effective dose per examination, collective effective dose to the population and annual effective dose per capita were estimated using dose conversion factors. The gathered data were analyzed via SPSS (version 18) software using descriptive statistics.Results:Based on the data of this study, the collective effective dose was 95.628 manSv, leading to a mean effective dose of 0.03 mSv per capita. It was also observed that the myocardial perfusion was the most common procedure (50%). The 75th percentile of the distribution of administered activity (AA) represents the DRL. The AAA and the 75th percentile of the distribution of AA are slightly higher than DRL of most European countries.Conclusions:Myocardial perfusion is responsible for most of the collective effective dose and it is better to establish national DRLs for myocardial perfusion and review some DRL values through the participation of NM specialists in the future.

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Collective effective dose in Europe from X-ray and nuclear medicine procedures

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

Radiation Dose from Whole-Body F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Nationwide Survey in Korea

Radiation exposure by medical X-ray applications

Estimating the population dose from nuclear medicine examinations towards establishing diagnostic reference levels

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