Collection of data and information in Balearic Islands on biology of vectors and potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (GP/EFSA/ALPHA/017/01)

López‐Mercadal, Júlia; Delgado, Sanjuana Hernández; Mercadal, P.; Seguí, Guillem; Lalucat, Jorge; Busquets, Antonio; Gomila, Margarita; Lester, Katherine; Kenyon, D. M.; Ruiz, Maurici; Paredes-Esquivel, Claudia; Miranda, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2021.en-6925

Cited by 18 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As a result, further data on both host and vector infection during early stage spread for future pathogen incursions are urgently needed to verify these conclusions, especially given that studies in Spain have suggested that that there may be variability in the vector prevalence year on year 51 . We also note that there is some evidence that the prevalence amongst vectors declines towards the end of the year in Apulia 20 (and in other locations 51 ). We do not explicitly capture this decline in our model because the low numbers of vectors at this point (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologically-based strategies for the detection of emerging plant pathogens

Mastin

Bosch

Bourhis

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Emerging pests and pathogens of plants are a major threat to natural and managed ecosystems worldwide. Whilst it is well accepted that surveillance activities are key to both the early detection of new incursions and the ability to identify pest-free areas, the performance of these activities must be evaluated to ensure they are fit for purpose. This requires consideration of the number of potential hosts inspected or tested as well as the epidemiology of the pathogen and the detection method used. In the case of plant pathogens, one particular concern is whether the visual inspection of plant hosts for signs of disease is able to detect the presence of these pathogens at low prevalences, given that it takes time for these symptoms to develop. One such pathogen is the ST53 strain of the vector-borne bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa in olive hosts, which was first identified in southern Italy in 2013. Additionally, X. fastidiosa ST53 in olive has a rapid rate of spread, which could also have important implications for surveillance. In the current study, we evaluate how well visual surveillance would be expected to perform for this pathogen and investigate whether molecular testing of either tree hosts or insect vectors offer feasible alternatives. Our results identify the main constraints to each of these strategies and can be used to inform and improve both current and future surveillance activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologically-based strategies for the detection of emerging plant pathogens

Mastin

Bosch

Bourhis

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In fact, the abundance of nymphs and sampled adults as well as the prevalence of insects are lower than the values encountered in the infected areas of Apulia where the outbreak was more drastic. A prevalence of 23% was reported in Majorca (López-Mercadal et al 2021) compared to up to 71% detected in an Apulian olive grove (Cornara et al 2016a). Similarly, higher densities of vectors were measured in Apulia with 7 to 39 nymphs of P. spumarius /m 2 in olive orchards (Bodino et al 2019), about 7 adults/olive trees and 0.5 adults/swept in weeds recorded during the respective seasonal peaks (Cornara et al 2016b), however, with heterogeneity identified among the orchards studied (Bodino et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…multiplex ST81 and ST7) have been identified on several hosts including wild olives, cultivated olives, almonds, grapes and figs (Olmo et al 2021). They are mainly transmitted by the Philaenus spumarius Linnaeus, 1758 (Aphrophoridae) vector and to a lesser extent, by Neophilaenus campestris Fallén, 1805 (Aphrophoridae) (López-Mercadal et al 2021). This study experiments the sentinel plantation tool in the case of X. fastidiosa research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the threat from a distance: insight into the complexity and perspectives for implementing sentinel plantation to test host range ofXylella fastidiosa

Casarin

Hasbroucq

López‐Mercadal

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The sentinel plantation concept consists of assessing the impact of exotic factors, such as pests and pathogens, on plants of interest by planting them out of their native range. This tool is a way to enhance knowledge for pest risk analysis (PRA) by guiding decisions on how quarantine organisms should be regulated and where to focus prevention and surveillance efforts for an early detection. In this study, the sentinel method was used in the case of research on Xylella fastidiosa, a plant pathogenic bacterium that has recently been found established in southern Europe, but whose potential impact and possible host range are still poorly documented in northern areas where the bacterium is not known to occur. To improve knowledge on the susceptibility of potential hosts of X. fastidiosa in northern Europe, a sentinel plantation of Prunus domestica cv. Opal, Quercus petraea and Salix alba was established in the X. fastidiosa-infected area of Majorca. In order to assess the circulation of the bacterium in the sentinel plot and around it, surveys of the local flora and insect vectors were carried out, as well as the planting of a network of rosemary "spy plants". Symptomatic monitoring and molecular analyses were performed on the sentinel plants for four years. During these years, X. fastidiosa was never detected in our sentinel plants most likely because of the low infectivity pressure recorded in the surroundings. This study underlines the complexity of conducting sentinel plantation assays combined with X. fastidiosa research, highlighting the need for long-term investigation and questioning the efficiency of the sentinel tool. However, this study is placed in perspective with other valuable sentinel plantations. It also highlights the complementarity of the tool and proposes elements to improve or reorient the implementation of future sentinel projects.

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“…As for the October 2020 transmission, the plants went into dormancy immediately afterwards and therefore, the period was less favorable for the subsequent bacterial development in the plants. However, October is a suitable month to collect infected insect vectors in Mallorca as it was shown that in general, prevalence was lower in summer months (June-July) compared to autumn ones (October), with an average of 23% (López-Mercadal et al, 2021). The X. fastidiosa prevalence found in field-collected insects in October 2020 was higher (16%) than the one found in June 2021 (5.2%) in accordance with the values commonly found in the area.…”

Section: Insect Transmission and Susceptibility To Different Strains ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicaceae as potential host plants ofXylella fastidiosain European temperate regions

Casarin

Hasbroucq

Pesenti

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The discovery of three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe has triggered major attention on the potential spread up North of the bacteria. Assessing the susceptibility of a previously unexposed European flora is a key element that remains widely unknown. Under biosafety facility, we evaluated the susceptibility of Salicaceae such as Populus tremula, Populus canescens, Salix alba and Salix caprea by mechanically inoculating the KLN59.3 GFP-labelled X. fastidiosa at 22 C and at 28 C. Bacterial movement and multiplication in plants were investigated by PCR, real-time PCR, confocal or scanning electron microscopy. Nine months post-inoculation, 100 % of the plants tested positive for X. fastidiosa, with the exception of 57% for P. canescens under the 22 C-growing conditions. Bacteria were detected up to 120 cm from the inoculation point for S. alba. They were detected in the roots of all species and were successfully isolated for S. alba and P. tremula. Estimates of average CFU/g of plant tissue per species ranged from 1.5E + 03 to 3.5E + 06, with the lowest figures for P. canescens and the highest for P. tremula together with high number of totally obstructed vessels observed by confocal microscopy. The possibility of insect transmission was also evaluated using an experimental set up based on Mallorca Island. There, transmission by P. spumarius of both X. fastidiosa ST1 and ST81 was proven on S. alba. We thus demonstrated that indigenous European Salicaceae such as S. alba or P. tremula are new potential hosts for X. fastidiosa.

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Collection of data and information in Balearic Islands on biology of vectors and potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (GP/EFSA/ALPHA/017/01)

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Epidemiologically-based strategies for the detection of emerging plant pathogens

Epidemiologically-based strategies for the detection of emerging plant pathogens

Measuring the threat from a distance: insight into the complexity and perspectives for implementing sentinel plantation to test host range ofXylella fastidiosa

Salicaceae as potential host plants ofXylella fastidiosain European temperate regions

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