Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis

Pleil, Joachim D.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700280110

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, a single-breath method has been developed (26). The subject breathes directly into a 1-liter evacuated cylinder through a strawlike attachment; after wasting the first (dead space) portion of the breath, the subject opens the valve on the cylinder to allow collection of the second (alveolar) portion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers.

Wallace

Buckley

Pellizzari

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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A brief review of the uses of breath analysis in studies of environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is provided. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's large-scale Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Studies have measured concentrations of 32 target VOCs in the exhaled breath of about 800 residents of various U.S. cities. Since the previous 12-hr integrated personal air exposures to the same chemicals were also measured, the relation between exposure and body burden is illuminated. Another major use of the breath measurements has been to detect unmeasured pathways of exposure; the major impact of active smoking on exposure to benzene and styrene was detected in this way. Following the earlier field studies, a series of chamber studies have provided estimates of several important physiological parameters. Among these are the fraction, f, of the inhaled chemical that is exhaled under steady-state conditions and the residence times, t, in several body compartments, which may be associated with the blood (or liver), organs, muscle, and fat. Most of the targeted VOCs appear to have similar residence times of a few minutes, 30 min, several hours, and several days in the respective tissue groups. Knowledge of these parameters can be helpful in estimating body burden from exposure or vice versa and in planning environmental studies, particularly in setting times to monitor breath in studies of the variation with time of body burden. Improvements in breath methods have made it possible to study short-term peak exposure situations such as filling a gas tank or taking a shower in contaminated water.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers.

Wallace

Buckley

Pellizzari

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Sports-related chemical exposures, for example, have received very little attention from either the participants or potential research groups, with the exception of ice hockey players' exposure to carbon monoxide from ice resurfacing machines (2,3). This study employs a recently developed alveolar breath sampling and analysis technique (4,5) to investigate the potential chloroform and bromodichloromethane exposures that occur during swimming, one of the most common recreational activities enjoyed around the world.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Wilson (16) (4). This is a self-administered sample collection method; in essence, after a normal exhalation (eliminating the deadspace portion of a breath) the sample subject places one end of a short Teflon collection tube in his mouth and opens the canister valve to fill it with 1 liter of expiratory reserve ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alveolar breath sampling and analysis to assess trihalomethane exposures during competitive swimming training.

Lindstrom

Pleil

Berkoff

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Al-eolar breath samplingwas used to asess trihalometne (THM) pg/l. The mean blood levels in the agonistic swimmers were significantly higher than those in the nonagonistic swimmers and the nonswimming observers. Moreover, blood chloroform levels were significantly correlated with water and air concentrations, the number of swimmers in the pool, and the time an individual swimmer spent in the pool. The overall intensity of the physical activity was also correlated with blood chloroform levels. In a follow-up study, Aggazzotti et al. (13) collected alveolar breath samples from swimmers after a 90 min swim session. They found median alveolar breath chloroform at 83 pg/m3 (range 13.9-311 pg/m3), and they determined that postswim chloroform in breath was strongly influenced by environmental air chloroform levels, age, intensity of sporting activity, and the type of swimming.Weisel and Shepard (14) also used exhaled breath measurements to examine chloroform exposures associated with recreational swimming. They found that after a routinized 30-min exposure period, breath elimination of chloroform was rapid, but it could not be fitted to the conventional multicompartment exponential decay models that have been previously used to describe

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“…29 While many breath sampling techniques can be used, methods that employ evacuated canisters capture a large number of compounds within a wide range of volatilities. 32 A recently developed technique employing 1.0 L evacuated canisters allows collection of samples at 15-to 30-second intervals; 33 this is a distinct advantage compared to integrative methods, which may take several minutes to collect a single sample, considering that the half-lives of many compounds in the first body compartment are on the order of 2 to 5 minutes.…”

Section: Alveolar Breath Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Methodological Approach for Exposure Assessment Studies in Residences Using Volatile Organic-Compound-Contaminated Water

Lindstrom

Pleil²

1996

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This paper presents a methodological approach for assessing total exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residences using contaminated water supplies. This approach is founded on assessment of ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures; both long-term (i.e., 12 to 24 hr) lowlevel exposures and short-term (i.e., =10 min) high-level exposures are considered.The methodology is based on the collection of water samples to establish the identity of the contaminants, maximum source terms, and possible dermal and ingestion exposures; integrated whole-air samples are collected to assess long-and short-term inhalation exposures; whole-air grab samples are used to confirm peak and typical inhalation exposures; and alveolar breath samples are used to confirm exposures and to estimate contaminant concentrations in the blood of the test subjects. While we do not suggest that this methodology should supersede any current investigative approach, this material is primarily offered as a consolidated reference to the many people or organizations who might contemplate a study of this type. Application of this investigative protocol should provide detailed exposure assessment information, while it supplies critical real world data for risk assessment specialists, toxicologists, and modeling experts. Data from a recent field study assessing exposures to trichloroethylene are presented to illustrate the utility and some of the limitations of this strategy. IMPLICATIONSRoutine use of contaminated household water supplies can result in significant oral, dermal, and inhalation exposures. In this paper we presented an experimental approach that can be used to assess these various exposures. One of the most interesting aspects of this method is the use of a new alveolar breath sampling technique to confirm exposures and to estimate contaminant concentrations in the blood of exposed individuals. Data from a recent field study are used to illustrate the potential use of this methodology.

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Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 15 publications

Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers.

Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers.

Alveolar breath sampling and analysis to assess trihalomethane exposures during competitive swimming training.

A Methodological Approach for Exposure Assessment Studies in Residences Using Volatile Organic-Compound-Contaminated Water

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