The status of boron (B) in coal, fly ash and other associated residues and its impacts on soils and plants are reviewed and discussed. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments with fly ash derived from a western U.S. coal source were conducted to examine solubility of B in the ash and its mobilization in soils and plants. Increasing dilution of the fly ash aqueous system or the soil-fly ash mix increased B solubility. Three hours of extraction were sufficient to remove all water soluble B, while extended extraction resulted in readsorption of soluble B. Acid and calcareous soils treated with up to 8% fly ash by weight and cropped under greenhouse conditions contained up to an average of 9 μg B/ml in the extract. Accumulation of B in alfalfa, bermudagrass and white clover grown on the treated soils was found dependent upon rate of application and type of soil, with white clover showing the highest accumulation. Tissue B was positively and linearly correlated with B determined in water saturation extracts from the treated soils.