Collection and Chemical Composition of Pure Phloem Sap from &lt;italic&gt;Zea mays&lt;/italic&gt; L.

Ohshima, Toshiyuki; Hayashi, Hiroaki; Chino, Mitsuo

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077972

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The BPH is a typical monophagous vascular feeder. However, rice phloem sap is an unbalanced diet for BPHs because of its low concentrations of essential amino acids, such as isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine, histidine, leucine, arginine, and phenylalanine [3,4]. The symbionts that are harbored in the abdominal fat body of BPHs are considered as important resources to maintain nutrition and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Shentu

Yin

Song

et al. 2020

Insects

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Yeast-like symbionts (YLSs), harbored in the abdominal fat body of brown planthoppers (BPHs), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of their host. However, little is known about the diversity of the symbiotic fungal YLSs that are harbored in the eggs of BPHs and the difference between fertilized eggs and non-fertilized eggs. Here, we investigate the fungal community compositions of non-fertilized and fertilized eggs of BPHs and identified the YLSs in the hemolymph by qPCR. A total of seven phyla, 126 genera, and 158 species were obtained from all samples, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most predominant phyla in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs. The richness index indicated that microbial diversity in the non-fertilized and fertilized eggs exhibited a profound difference. In addition, 11 strains were only identified in the fertilized eggs, and these strains provide new insights into the constitution of species in YLSs. The difference of Pichia guilliermondii in the female hemolymph indicated that fertilization affected the diversity in the eggs by changing the YLSs in the hemolymph. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding of YLS species and their abundance in the eggs of BPHs, and it primarily explores how the changes of YLSs in the hemolymph lead to this difference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Shentu

Yin

Song

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…The in vitro CV release was also assessed in simulated phloem prepared according to previous studies (Table S2). − The pH of simulated phloem was 7.0. The controlled release experiments were conducted at either 20 or 40 °C in simulated phloem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Responsive Bottlebrush Polymers Deliver a Stress-Regulating Agent In Vivo for Prolonged Plant Heat Stress Mitigation

Zhang

Martinez

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Anticipated increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures will damage crops. Methods that efficiently deliver stress-regulating agents to crops can mitigate these effects. Here, we describe high aspect ratio polymer bottlebrushes for temperature-controlled agent delivery in plants. The foliar-applied bottlebrush polymers had near complete uptake into the leaf and resided in both the apoplastic regions of the leaf mesophyll and in cells surrounding the vasculature. Elevated temperature enhanced the in vivo release of spermidine (a stress-regulating agent) from the bottlebrushes, promoting tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) photosynthesis under heat and light stress. The bottlebrushes continued to provide protection against heat stress for at least 15 days after foliar application, whereas free spermidine did not. About 30% of the ∼80 nm short and ∼300 nm long bottlebrushes entered the phloem and moved to other plant organs, enabling heat-activated release of plant protection agents in phloem. These results indicate the ability of the polymer bottlebrushes to release encapsulated stress relief agents when triggered by heat to provide long-term protection to plants and the potential to manage plant phloem pathogens. Overall, this temperature-responsive delivery platform provides a new tool for protecting plants against climate-induced damage and yield loss.

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“…In general, sugars are the major component of phloem sap, representing more than 70% of phloem sap metabolites. In herbaceous plants, sucrose concentrations range from 400 to 1400 mM [ 49 ], with some variation (maize ( Zea mays ) 900 mM, [ 50 ]; 844 mM, [ 51 ]; rice ( Oryza sativa ) 574 mM, [ 52 ]; barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) 1030 mM, [ 53 ]; wheat ( Triticum aestivum) 251 mM, [ 54 ]; and castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) 270 mM, [ 55 ]). Likewise, sucrose concentration varies considerably between tree species from 65 mM to 1 M (for instance, oak ( Quercus robur ) ~1 M, [ 56 ]; beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) 790 mM, [ 57 ]; magnolia ( Magnolia kobus ) 850 mM, [ 57 ]; Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus ) 220 mM, [ 58 ]; and lemon tree ( Citrus limon ) 65 mM, [ 59 ]).…”

Section: Phloem Sap Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem Sap Composition: What Have We Learnt from Metabolomics?

Broussard

Abadie

Lalande

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Phloem sap transport is essential for plant nutrition and development since it mediates redistribution of nutrients, metabolites and signaling molecules. However, its biochemical composition is not so well-known because phloem sap sampling is difficult and does not always allow extensive chemical analysis. In the past years, efforts have been devoted to metabolomics analyses of phloem sap using either liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Phloem sap metabolomics is of importance to understand how metabolites can be exchanged between plant organs and how metabolite allocation may impact plant growth and development. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge of phloem sap metabolome and physiological information obtained therefrom. Although metabolomics analyses of phloem sap are still not numerous, they show that metabolites present in sap are not just sugars and amino acids but that many more metabolic pathways are represented. They further suggest that metabolite exchange between source and sink organs is a general phenomenon, offering opportunities for metabolic cycles at the whole-plant scale. Such cycles reflect metabolic interdependence of plant organs and shoot–root coordination of plant growth and development.

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Collection and Chemical Composition of Pure Phloem Sap from <italic>Zea mays</italic> L.

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Comparative Analysis of the Diversity of the Microbial Communities between Non-Fertilized and Fertilized Eggs of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Temperature-Responsive Bottlebrush Polymers Deliver a Stress-Regulating Agent In Vivo for Prolonged Plant Heat Stress Mitigation

Phloem Sap Composition: What Have We Learnt from Metabolomics?

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