Collection and analysis of urine from racing pigeons (<i>columba livia domestica</i>)

Halsema, W B; Alberts, H.; Bruijne, J.J. de; Lumeij, J. T.

doi:10.1080/03079458808436440

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In three of the published studies for doping control purposes, pigeon fecal matter was the chosen matrix 356–358 . Although previous studies have already demonstrated the ability to collect and isolate urine from feces, the required cloacal cannulation would be hardily feasible in a doping control context 360 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[356][357][358] Although previous studies have already demonstrated the ability to collect and isolate urine from feces, the required cloacal cannulation would be hardily feasible in a doping control context. 360 More recently, feathers were considered suitable for the detection of budesonide, prednisolone, betamethasone, and clenbuterol in pigeons. 359 If correctly collected (restricting the collection to a few mature contour feathers), feathers are considered a minimally invasive biological matrix, not harming the animal.…”

Section: Pigeons (Columba Livia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Moreira

Carmo

Pinho

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Despite the impressive innate physical abilities of horses, camels, greyhounds, or pigeons, doping agents might be administered to these animals to improve their performance. To control these illegal practices, anti‐doping analytical methodologies have been developed. This review compiles the analytical methods that have been published for the detection of prohibited substances administered to animals involved in sports over 30 years. Relevant papers meeting the search criteria that discussed analytical methods aiming to detect and/or quantify doping substances in animal biological matrices published from 1990 to 2019 were considered. A total of 317 studies were included, of which 298 were related to horses, demonstrating significant advances toward the development of doping detection methods for equine sports. However, analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in sports involving other species are lacking. Due to enhanced accuracy and specificity, chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry detection is preferred over immunoassays. Regarding biological matrices, blood and urine remain the first choice, although alternative biological matrices, such as hair and feces, have been considered. With the increasing number and type of drugs used as doping agents, the analytes addressed in the published papers are diverse. It is very important to continue to detect and quantify these drugs, recognizing those that are most frequently used, in order to punish the abusers, protect animals' health, and ensure a healthier and genuine competition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pigeons (Columba Livia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Moreira

Carmo

Pinho

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…In birds, droppings consist of both feces and urine. Although the possibility of isolating urine from feces by cloacal cannulation was demonstrated [35], the method was not simple enough to be implemented in doping control. Furthermore, as for blood sampling, cloacal cannulation falls within the professionally recognized scope of veterinary practice and can only be performed by a licensed veterinarian.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field

Marlier

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Pigeon racing is a sport in which trained homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are released between 60 and 1200 km from their loft and then have to return home as quickly as possible. The first race was held in 1818 in Belgium and since then, Belgium has led the world in pigeon breeding. Unfortunately, as in other sports, doping has become a major issue and doping controls have been implemented. This review provides information about pigeon racing, rules from the Royal Federation Colombophile of Belgium, and laws applicable in Belgium as doping control issues cannot be understood without including them as part of pigeon racing. The main pharmacological data concerning corticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anabolic steroids, pain relievers and narcotic analgesics, bronchodilators and β-agonists, drugs acting on the central nervous system and other performance-enhancing drugs, in addition to methods relevant to doping in pigeons are presented. Moreover, the chosen matrix and analytical methods are described.

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“…The first was the 'cage method' whereby the animals were continuously observed and urine samples were collected by sucking up the urine part of the excreta from the trays at the bottom of the cage, within two minutes after excretion. The second method was the 'cloacal cannula method' (Halsema et al, 1987), a modification of the technique of Coulson and Hughes (1930).…”

Section: Design Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A water deprivation test for the differentiation of polyuric disorders in birds

et al. 1988

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SUMMARYA water deprivation test was developed for the differentiation of polyuric disorders in birds using the racing pigeon as a model. For a period of 3 days of food and water deprivation, urine and plasma osmolalities and body weight of 40 clinically healthy racing pigeons were monitored. Reference values for urine osmolality after 40 hours of food deprivation were 79 to 480 mOsmol/kg. After 64 hours of food deprivation and 24 hours of water deprivation these values were 450 to 875 mOsmol/kg. No significant rise in urine osmolality was seen after the first 24 hours of water deprivation. It is concluded that an urine osmolality greater than 450 mOsmol/kg is indicative of a normal concentrating capacity of the kidney in the pigeon. Data from the literature suggest that these values can be applied to other avian species. INTRODUCTIONThe water deprivation test has proved useful in differentiating between the causes of polyuria and polydipsia (PUPD) in dogs (Joles and Mulnix, 1977). The principle of this test is to determine whether the neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released in response to dehydration and whether the kidneys can respond to this stimulus. With this test differentiation between central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, primary (psychogenic) polydipsia and hyperadrenocorticism is facilitated (Joles and Mulnix, 1977). In birds arginine vasotocin (AVT) replaces AVP as the main physiological regulator of body water balance. Neurohypophysectomy in the domestic fowl results in polyuria while administration of AVT restores urine flow to normal levels (Shirley and Nalbandov, 1956).

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Collection and analysis of urine from racing pigeons (columba livia domestica)

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field

A water deprivation test for the differentiation of polyuric disorders in birds

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