Collecting Social Network Data

Stark, Tobias

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54395-6_31

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An ego-centered network approach was used to gauge whether there was a direct friendship between participants and their ingroup friends’ outgroup friends. In ego-centered network studies, participants (egos) are asked to list their social contacts in so-called name generator questions (Marsden, 2011; Stark, 2018). Such questions ask, for instance, who one’s friends are or with whom one discusses important issues.…”

Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect contact in social networks: Challenging common interpretations of the extended contact hypothesis

Stark

2019

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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According to the extended contact hypothesis, direct intergroup contact is not necessary for prejudice reduction; it suffices to know that ingroup friends have outgroup friends. However, extended contact is typically measured in a way that does not clarify whether people know the outgroup friend of their ingroup friend or whether they are even direct friends. A social network approach is used to compare extended contact when ingroup friends’ outgroup friends are not direct friends (open triads) to when there is a direct friendship with some (mixed triads) or all of the ingroup friends’ outgroup friends (closed triads). Results from a nonprobability sample in the US predicting feelings toward Black people ( N = 313) and from a representative sample in the Netherlands predicting attitudes toward immigrants ( N = 818) show that extended contact reduces prejudice only when some of the outgroup friends of one’s ingroup friends are known. This suggests that the extended contact effect should not be interpreted as providing a solution for situations where direct contact with outgroup members is not possible.

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Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect contact in social networks: Challenging common interpretations of the extended contact hypothesis

Stark

2019

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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“…These limitations include some well‐known methodological issues, for example, that researchers have to define the boundaries of networks or that most of the relevant people within a defined network (e.g., a school class) have to participate in the data collection in order to avoid misrepresenting the friendship network (Leszczensky & Stark, ). In general, especially longitudinal social network data are data‐hungry, thus forcing researchers to carefully plan and conduct data collection (Leszczensky et al., ; Stark, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before discussing the benefits of a social network approach for examining the interplay of group identifications and friendship, we introduce some basic terminology. A social network approach implies considering the social relationships among all relevant individuals within a clearly defined social context (Marsden, ; Stark, ). The prime example are friendships between students in a school or classroom, but other social relationships (e.g., bullying, advice‐seeking, or liking) and social contexts (e.g., firms, work units, or clubs) are also possible.…”

Section: The Case For a Social Network Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is crucial is that the social relationship under study is measured for all individuals within the context, that is, that, for example, information is available on who is—and who is not—friends with whom within a classroom. Such information is obtained by sociometric questions, for example, asking students to list all their friends within a classroom (Leszczensky, Beier, Kruse, & Pink, ; Stark, ).…”

Section: The Case For a Social Network Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interplay of Group Identifications and Friendships: Evidence from Longitudinal Social Network Studies

Leszczensky

Jugert

Pink

2019

Journal of Social Issues

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This article reviews empirical evidence on the reciprocal relation of ethnic minority group members' national, ethnic, and dual identification on the one hand and their friendships with both minority and majority group members on the other. Emphasis is given to studies that apply longitudinal social network analysis in order to draw inferences about how these group identifications shape social relations and/or how social relations in turn shape individuals' group identifications. After outlining theoretical mechanisms and showing the advantages of a social network approach, the article summarizes findings on how ethnic, national, and dual identification affect individual preferences for having same ethnic or interethnic friends. Evidence on how friends in turn influence group identifications is also reviewed. The article closes by discussing practical implications of the existing evidence and by pointing to open questions and next steps for further research on the nexus of group identifications and friendship.Western societies are populated by people of different cultural, ethnic, and racial origins. In diverse societies, people have multiple sources of group identification-especially ethnic minority group members, such as immigrants or

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“…All adolescents saw a list with the names of all classmates on the screen and were asked to indicate whom they consider to be a “best friend.” The number of friends that could be indicated was not limited, to obtain the whole friendship network of an adolescent within the school class (Stark, 2018). The average number of friends was 4.69 in the first wave, and 4.38 in the second wave.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who is most influential? Adolescents’ intergroup attitudes and peer influence within a social network

Zingora

Stark

Flache

2019

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Research has shown that adolescents’ intergroup attitudes are subject to friends’ influence, but it remains unknown if certain friends are more influential than others. Popular adolescents may be especially influential of their friends’ intergroup attitudes because they can set peer norms. We examined several indicators of popularity in social networks as possible determinants of social influence: sociometric popularity, prestige popularity, being a clique leader, and frequency of contact with friends. Longitudinal analysis of adolescents’ friendship networks (12–13 years, N = 837) allowed estimating influence of friends on adolescents’ intergroup attitudes, while controlling for the tendency of adolescents to befriend peers with similar intergroup attitudes. Results showed that adolescents’ intergroup attitudes changed in the direction of friends’ intergroup attitudes. Only peers who are popular in terms of having many friends (sociometric popular) were especially influential of their friends’ intergroup attitudes. These findings may inform future interventions aiming to reduce prejudice.

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Collecting Social Network Data

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Indirect contact in social networks: Challenging common interpretations of the extended contact hypothesis

Indirect contact in social networks: Challenging common interpretations of the extended contact hypothesis

The Interplay of Group Identifications and Friendships: Evidence from Longitudinal Social Network Studies

Who is most influential? Adolescents’ intergroup attitudes and peer influence within a social network

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