Collected Nondimensional Performance of Rotary Dynamic Blood Pumps

Smith, William A.; Allaire, Paul E.; Antaki, James F.; Butler, Kimberly; Kerkhoffs, W; Kink, Thomas; Loree, H.; Reul, H.

doi:10.1097/01.mat.0000104817.39941.9c

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The maximum Re based on the impeller parameters, MaxRe imp , is in the range 77000–155000. Since this is not pipe flow the transition to turbulence occurs at a different Re which is conventionally taken to be of the order 10 6 , 106, 107. This puts these centrifugal blood pumps well into the laminar regime.…”

Section: Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of computational fluid dynamics in the development of ventricular assist devices

Fraser

Taşkın

Griffith

et al. 2011

Medical Engineering & Physics

227

236

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Progress in the field of prosthetic cardiovascular devices has significantly contributed to the rapid advancements in cardiac therapy during the last four decades. The concept of mechanical circulatory assistance was established with the first successful clinical use of heart-lung machines for cardiopulmonary bypass. Since then a variety of devices have been developed to replace or assist diseased components of the cardiovascular system. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are basically mechanical pumps designed to augment or replace the function of one or more chambers of the failing heart.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an attractive tool in the development process of VADs, allowing numerous different designs to be characterized for their functional performance virtually, for a wide range of operating conditions, without the physical device being fabricated. However, VADs operate in a flow regime which is traditionally difficult to simulate; the transitional region at the boundary of laminar and turbulent flow. Hence different methods have been used and the best approach is debatable. In addition to these fundamental fluid dynamic issues, blood consists of biological cells. Device-induced biological complications are a serious consequence of VAD use. The complications include blood damage (haemolysis, blood cell activation), thrombosis and emboli. Patients are required to take anticoagulation medication constantly which may cause bleeding. Despite many efforts blood damage models have still not been implemented satisfactorily into numerical analysis of VADs, which severely undermines the full potential of CFD. This paper reviews the current state of the art CFD for analysis of blood pumps, including a practical critical review of the studies to date, which should help device designers choose the most appropriate methods; a summary of blood damage models and the difficulties in implementing them into CFD; and current gaps in knowledge and areas for future work.

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Section: Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of computational fluid dynamics in the development of ventricular assist devices

Fraser

Taşkın

Griffith

et al. 2011

Medical Engineering & Physics

227

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The choice of a pump for most commercial applications is dictated by relatively unambiguous rules. However, there has yet to be a consensus on the optimal design of a pump destined to replace or augment the function of the heart 29,36,63. It is also intriguing that the first three decades of artificial heart and VAD development focused almost exclusively on pulsatile, positive displacement devices, almost to the exclusion of turbodynamic (“rotary”) pumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean line fluid analysis was used to predict pump performance, derived from standard theory of turbodynamics66 coupled with empirical formulae specifically relevant to miniature blood pumps 63. Pump efficiency, rotor speed, and rotor torque were computed as a function of flow, pressure head, and the physical dimensions of the pump features.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PediaFlow™ Maglev Ventricular Assist Device: A Prescriptive Design Approach

Antaki

Ricci

Verkaik

et al. 2010

Cardiovasc Eng Tech

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This report describes a multi-disciplinary program to develop a pediatric blood pump, motivated by the critical need to treat infants and young children with congenital and acquired heart diseases. The unique challenges of this patient population require a device with exceptional biocompatibility, miniaturized for implantation up to 6 months. This program implemented a collaborative, prescriptive design process, whereby mathematical models of the governing physics were coupled with numerical optimization to achieve a favorable compromise among several competing design objectives. Computational simulations of fluid dynamics, electromagnetics, and rotordynamics were performed in two stages: first using reduced-order formulations to permit rapid optimization of the key design parameters; followed by rigorous CFD and FEA simulations for calibration, validation, and detailed optimization. Over 20 design configurations were initially considered, leading to three pump topologies, judged on the basis of a multi-component analysis including criteria for anatomic fit, performance, biocompatibility, reliability, and manufacturability. This led to fabrication of a mixedflow magnetically levitated pump, the PF3, having a displaced volume of 16.6 cc, approximating the size of a AA battery and producing a flow capacity of 0.3-1.5 L/min. Initial in vivo evaluation demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility after 72 days of implantation in an ovine. In summary, combination of prescriptive and heuristic design principles have proven effective in developing a miniature magnetically levitated blood pump with excellent performance and biocompatibility, suitable for integration into chronic circulatory support system for infants and young children; aiming for a clinical trial within 3 years.

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“…This can also reduce the number of experiments to be conducted to determine the effects of various variables on the desired outcome. Dimensional analysis (7,8) has been applied to blood pumps, and it was acknowledged that as blood pumps are in general much smaller than commercial pumps, the effects of Reynolds number on pump performance cannot be ignored.…”

Section: School Of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Leakage Flow in Centrifugal Blood Pumps

Chan

Wong

2006

Artificial Organs

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This article presents a new approach in determining the functional relationship between the leakage flow in a centrifugal blood pump and various parameters that affect it. While high leakage flow in a blood pump is essential for good washout and can help prevent thrombus formation, excessive leakage flow will result in higher fluid shear stress that may lead to hemolysis. Dimensional analysis is employed to provide a functional relationship between leakage flow rate and other important parameters governing the operation of a centrifugal blood pump. Results showed that pump performance with a smaller gap clearance is clearly superior compared to those of two other similar pumps with larger gap clearances. It was also observed that the nondimensional leakage flow rate varies almost linearly with dimensionless pump head. It also decreases with increasing volume flow rate. A smaller gap clearance will also increase the flow resistance and hence, decrease the nondimensional leakage flow rate. Increasing surface roughness, length of the gap clearance passage, or loss coefficient of the gap geometry will increase losses and hence, decrease the leakage flow rate. It is also interesting to note that for a given pump and gap clearance geometry, the nondimensional leakage flow rate is almost independent of the Reynolds number when specific speed is constant.

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Collected Nondimensional Performance of Rotary Dynamic Blood Pumps

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

The use of computational fluid dynamics in the development of ventricular assist devices

The use of computational fluid dynamics in the development of ventricular assist devices

PediaFlow™ Maglev Ventricular Assist Device: A Prescriptive Design Approach

A Review of Leakage Flow in Centrifugal Blood Pumps

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