Collateral sprouting in skin and sensory recovery after nerve injury in man

Inbal, Rivka; Rousso, M; Ashur, H; Wall, Patrick D.; Devor, Marshall

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)90112-6

Cited by 75 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Within the denervated area, heat and sharp pain sensibilities recovered partially from the margins inward, consistent with collateral sprouting. Similarly, partial recovery of sensation in the hand was observed following traumatic or surgical nerve sections (Inbal et al, 1987). This limited collateral sprouting in nociceptive fibers contrasts both with the relative speed of regenerative regrowth of sensory fibers Diamond, 1981, 1984) and with the regrowth of motor nerve terminals in partially denervated muscle where denervated muscle fibers are reinnervated by collateral sprouting from neighboring motor nerve fibers (Lubischer and Thompson, 1999;Son and Thompson, 1995;Son et al, 1996).…”

Section: Similarities and Contrasts Between The Two Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidermal reinnervation after intracutaneous axotomy in man

Rajan

Polydefkis

Hauer

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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Two distinct patterns of reinnervation occur after injury to the cutaneous nerves: regenerative growth of the injured nerve and "collateral sprouting" of neighboring intact nerves. We describe two complementary models of regrowth of transected small sensory fibers in human skin. The "incision" model uses a circular incision that transects the subepidermal plexus, resulting in Wallerian degeneration of the nerve fibers that enter the incised cylinder, leaving a defined zone of denervated dermis and epidermis. The "excision" model utilizes an identical incision, followed by removal of the incised cylinder of skin, leaving a denervated area in which Schwann cells are absent. In the incision model, the earliest reinervation of denervated epidermis occurred by collateral sprouting from the terminals of epidermal axons from just outside the incision line. These axon terminals extended horizontally across the incision line and through the superficial layers of the epidermis, beneath the stratum corneum. By 13 days, numerous regenerating axons appeared in the deeper dermis derived from transected axons. These regenerating axons grew toward and ultimately into the epidermis, so that epidermal axonal density had normalized by 30-75 days. The invasion of these axons was associated with regression of the horizontally growing collateral sprouts. In the excision model, new fibers arose by terminal elongation of the epidermal axons outside the incision line, as in the incision model, and especially by collateral branching of epidermal fibers at the incision margins. These collaterals reached the epidermal surface of the basal lamina at the dermal-epidermal junction and then grew slowly toward the center of the denervated circle. In contrast to the incision model, however, complete reinnervation was not achieved even after 23 months. These models can be used to study reinnervation of denervated skin in man in different injury models and have relevance for exploring the stimuli for axonal growth and remodeling.

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Section: Similarities and Contrasts Between The Two Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidermal reinnervation after intracutaneous axotomy in man

Rajan

Polydefkis

Hauer

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…This process represents collateral sprouting or reinnervation, and is a well established mechanism by which partial restoration of sensory functions can occur in situations where injured peripheral nerve axons are unable to regrow to their previous peripheral target (Doucette and Diamond, 1987;Hoffert et al, 1984;Inbal et al, 1987;Diamond, 1981, 1984;Kinnman and Aldskogius, 1986; showing dermal neurofilament protein-immunoreactive fibers. Kinnman et al, 1992;Leonard, 1973;Livingston, 1947;Nixon et al, 1984;Pomeranz et al, 1984;Robinson, 1981;Weddell, 1941;Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1989).…”

Section: Collateral Sprouting By Sensory Axons In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Degeneration and regeneration of cutaneous sensory nerve formations

Dubový¹,

Aldskogius

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…The secondary aesthesiography is conducted after complete shrinkage of the SMA territory, with the aim to quantify the underlying hypoaesthesia. The term ''aesthesiography'' is used because it refers to a mapping of the hypoaesthesia, while ''secondary'' is used to avoid any misunderstanding with proper aesthesiography (Létiévant 1876;Trotter and Davies 1907;Tinel 1917;Inbal et al 1987;Spicher and Kohut 2001). Aesthesiography is a very sensitive test, which is part of the diagnosis of axonal lesions Spicher 2006).…”

Section: Somatosensory Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static mechanical allodynia (SMA) is a paradoxical painful hypo-aesthesia: Observations derived from neuropathic pain patients treated with somatosensory rehabilitation

Spicher

Mathis

Degrange

et al. 2008

Somatosensory & Motor Research

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The present study aimed at investigating the time span it takes to remove a static mechanical allodynia (SMA) in humans suffering from chronic peripheral neuropathic pain. Forty-three subjects were included in the study and, during somatosensory rehabilitation, their SMA territory was precisely mapped. They then underwent distant vibrotactile counter stimulation (DVCS) treatment. It was observed that, with DVCS, SMA disappeared in all cases, and was transformed into an underlying hypoaesthesia. It was found that the ''tenderness to touch'' symptom (which is SMA) was located in the same territory as the underlying hypoaesthesia, which was located on a part of the cutaneous territory of a partially damaged nerve. These results demonstrate that treating patients suffering from neuropathic pain with DVCS revealed a skin territory of denervation that was previously masked by SMA. Thus, SMA can be considered as a paradoxical painful hypoaesthesia. Furthermore, mapping SMA is a valuable source of information for our understanding of abnormal sensory processing in neuropathic pain patients. We conclude that the mapping of the zone of hypersensitivity on the skin in humans suffering from chronic peripheral neuropathic pain improves diagnosis. The mapping of the zone of hypersensitivity is a tool to presume which branch of the peripheral nerve is damaged. The location of the axonal lesions is at the periphery, while the mechanism of pain sensitization is probably central and referred peripherally to the skin by a painful hypoaesthesia.

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Collateral sprouting in skin and sensory recovery after nerve injury in man

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Epidermal reinnervation after intracutaneous axotomy in man

Epidermal reinnervation after intracutaneous axotomy in man

Degeneration and regeneration of cutaneous sensory nerve formations

Static mechanical allodynia (SMA) is a paradoxical painful hypo-aesthesia: Observations derived from neuropathic pain patients treated with somatosensory rehabilitation

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