Collapsing Fluid With Self-Similarity of the Second Kind in 2 + 1 Gravity

Abstract

Anisotropic fluid with self-similarity of the second kind in (2 + 1)-dimensional space–times with circular symmetry is studied. By imposing the condition that the radial pressure vanishes, we show that the only allowed solutions are the ones that represent dust fluid. All such solutions to the Einstein field equations are found and their local and global properties are studied in detail. It is found that some can be interpreted as representing gravitational collapse, in which both naked singularities and black holes can be formed.

Inhomogeneities as a possible factor responsible for the acceleration of the Universe: a (2+1)-gravity study

“…If we choose c = 0, we have collapse forming black hole or naked singularity (Martins et al 2008). For c = 0, y reduces to y = −α.…”

Gravitational collapse of phantom fluid in (2 + 1)-dimensions

“…We further studied their local and global properties and found that some of them represent gravitational collapses of a massless scalar field, in which black holes are always formed. In another discussion we discussed an anisotropic fluid, with the same self-similarity, and showed that the existing solution is unique when the radial pressure vanishes, and it represents a collapsing dust fluid, where the final output can be either naked singularities or black holes [6].…”