“…Examples of genes whose expression is elevated in senescent cells are those for p16 INK4 , p21 CIP1 , cyclins D1 and E, APP, endothelin-1, fibronectin, interleukin-1, Cu, ZnSOD, GADD45, PAI-1, PAI-2, SPARC, IGFBP-3, collagenase, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, p53, bcl-2, and p33 ING1 . Examples of genes whose expression is reduced in senescent cells are those for cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin H, CAK, cdc2, MnSOD, c-fos, catalase, EPC-1, E2F-1, E2F-2, DP-1, elastin, thymidine kinase, IGF-II, egr-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, dihydrofolate reductase, PCNA, ribonucleotide reductase, and histones (2,16,21,22,26,31,33; for reviews, see references 4, 5, 14, 32, and 37).…”