Collagen Breakdown and Ammonia Inhalation

Dv, Hatton; Cs, Leach; Beaudet, A. L.; Ro, Dillman; N, Di Ferrante

doi:10.1080/00039896.1979.10667373

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is an irritant substance and is used in petroleum refining and plastic production. The effect of ammonia on the respiratory mucosa has previously been studied [5][6][7][8], but not its effect on the olfactory neuroepithelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Gaafar¹,

Tantawy²,

Hamza³

et al. 1998

ORL

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In recent studies, the vomeronasal organ (VNO), although vestigial and with unknown function in humans, was reported to be present in almost every person examined. In rabbits, it is a well-developed organ, one lying on each side of the nasal septum. Histologically it was found to contain neuroepithelium which is considered an accessory olfactory system taking charge of an olfactory discrimination different from that of olfactory epithelium. Experimental removal of the VNO in male animals reduces reproductive performance and aggression. In this study, the effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia vapor on the histological pattern and enzymatic activity of the olfactory epithelium and the VNO neuroepithelium of 30 adult male rabbits were investigated and compared with a control group. In the exposed animals, the supporting cells in both types of epithelia showed hyperplasia which was more marked in the olfactory epithelium. Manifestations of cytotoxicity were found more in the bipolar cells of the olfactory epithelium than in the VNO neuroepithelium. The enzymatic activity in the exposed group supported the histological results. The presence of the VNO neuroepithelium of the rabbit in a narrow duct with a minute nasal orifice could have some protective effects on the cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Gaafar¹,

Tantawy²,

Hamza³

et al. 1998

ORL

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“…The mechanism of ammonia cardiotoxicity remains unclear, however recent study on antioxidant enzymes of the rat heart suggests that ammonia intoxication may induce oxidative stress (610). Cardiopulmonary arrest and tachycardia was reported in a six-month-old infant heavily exposed to ammonia fumes (615). These data indicate an adaptive response of the heart to oxidative stress under hyperammonemic conditions.…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 66%

Cardiovascular Toxicology

2008

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“…One was in coma, another was lethargic and two had abnormal electroencephalographs showing encephalopathy (Hatton et al, 1979). They all survived.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Only two studies of inhaled ammonia were found in a review of ammonia references (Ferguson et al, 1977;Hatton et al, 1979). One study included five men and one woman who worked in an Allied Chemical Company, Morristown, New Jersey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is inhaled ammonia neurotoxic?

Kilburn

2000

Environmental Management and Health

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Describes how a large ammonia release exposed about 150 nearby residents to this irritating gas and sent seven to hospital emergency rooms. Six weeks later the 41 most symptomatic people completed questionnaires and had physical examinations. The 12 most impaired had subsequent neurobehavioral testing to see if exogenous ammonia was toxic to the brain as is endogenous ammonia in hepatic coma. Spirometry was used to test pulmonary function. Frequencies of 35 symptoms were obtained by questionnaire, as were medical, respiratory and neuropsychiatric histories and data on previous chemical exposures. Comparisons were made with unexposed subjects after adjusting for age, sex, educational level and other determining factors. The exposed group's mean values were significantly abnormal for simple and choice reaction, balance with eyes open, color discrimination, visual field performance in both eyes and hearing. Also abnormal were cognitive performance on Culture Fair, digit symbol, vocabulary and delayed but not immediate verbal recall. Making trails A and B was slow and fingertip number writing had excessive errors. Spirometric measurements were normal. Confounding features and biases were minimal. Exposure to ammonia, for a few minutes to several hours, was associated with neurobehavioral impairment measured after 22 months. Thus inhaled ammonia shares the toxicity of endogenous ammonia. Effects were persistent and are probably permanent.

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Collagen Breakdown and Ammonia Inhalation

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

The Effect of Ammonia on Olfactory Epithelium and Vomeronasal Organ Neuroepithelium of Rabbits

Cardiovascular Toxicology

Is inhaled ammonia neurotoxic?

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