Collagen/apatite coating on 3-dimensional carbon/carbon composite

Abstract

A three-dimensional carbon/carbon composite (3D C/C) was studied as potential bone-repairing material; its major mechanical properties were found to be closer to those of human bone than other common bone-repairing materials available. In vitro calcification tests revealed that as-received 3D C/C is almost bioinert in simulated body fluid (SBF) over an immersion period of 4 weeks. To improve the bioactivity of 3D C/C, surface modification was accomplished through two practical routes: (1) grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (2) phosphorylation and precalcification. After grafting with alpha, omega di(aminopropyl) polyethylene glycol 800 (NH2-PEG-NH2), a continuous layer of calcium phosphate was formed on the surface of 3D C/C in SBF after 4 weeks. Phosphorylated 3D C/C samples have the ability to induce apatite precipitation after precalcification in a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution for 1 week. To speed up the coating process, a calcification solution with collagen was developed in which a collagen/apatite coating layer can be formed on 3D C/C in 9 h in ambient conditions.

Fabrication of nano‐hydroxyapatite on electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber and their effects in osteoblastic behavior

“…Bioactive ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in many medical applications in orthopedic and dental surgery owing to its osteoconductivity and osteophilicity 3–5. Many bioactive biomaterials that have been developed based on inorganic materials such as titanium,6, 7 glass,8 or carbon,9 or organic materials such as synthetic10–14 or naturally occurring polymers15, 16 contain apatite to obtain osteoconductivity as well as mechanical strength. Fiber and fabric forms of organic materials such as aromatic polyamide,17 polyethylene terephthalate,18 cotton,19, 20 and chitin21 have also been used in processing composites with the apatite.…”

Bioactive nanocomposite coatings of collagen/hydroxyapatite on titanium substrates

“…Several studies have been carried out on collagen/HA coatings, but only a limited number of methods of preparing them have been proposed so far, with biomimetic synthesis being the generally preferred technique [15][16][17]. The classical biomimetic process usually involves the immersion of the substrates in a collagen-contained simulated body fluid (SBF) or 1.5 times SBF (1.5SBF) for about 1 week to allow the co-precipitation of bone-like apatite crystals and collagen.…”

Ferulic acid and PDMS modified medical carbon materials for artificial joint prosthesis

“…Although metals have excellent mechanical properties (high strength and wear resistance, ductility), the lack of tissue adherence, corrosion and risk of toxicity due to release of metal ions limit the availability of the metals[41]. The main mechanical properties of this carbon material are closer to human bone than other common available bone repair materials[42]. The ideal coating material could improve the biological activity and mechanical property of MCM.…”