Collagen and a Cellulose-like Substance in Fossil Dentine and Bone

Principles of demineralization: Modern strategies for the isolation of organic frameworks

“…Comparative studies of bone matrix in normal and osteoporotic bone Little et al (1962Little et al ( ) 1962 Kinetics of acid demineralization are described Gray (1962); Birkedal-Hansen (1974 Decalcification of chicken egg shell and isolation of glycosaminoglycans Baker and Balch (1962); Bronsch and Diamantstein (1965); Heaney and Robinson (1976); Nakano et al (2001Nakano et al ( ) 1963 Collagen and a cellulose-like substance in fossil dentine and bone Isaacs et al (1963); Shackleford and Wyckoff (1964); Wyckoff et al (1964); Ho (1966); Pawlicki et al (1966Pawlicki et al ( ) 1963 ''Principles of Bone Remodeling'' is published Enlow (1963Enlow ( ) 1963 ''Mechanism of Hard Tissue Destruction'' is published Soggnaes (1963Soggnaes ( ) 1963 ''Comparative Biology of Calcified Tissue'' is published Moss (1963Moss ( ) 1964 Macromolecular organization of dentine matrix collagen Schlueter (1964) 1964 Lipids in demineralized dentine, proteolipids, phospholipids and lipids in demineralized bone and kidney stone matrices Dirksen and Ikels (1964); Ennever et al (1977); Nefussi et al (1992); Khan et al (1996); Septier (2002) 1965 Intramuscular implantation of demineralized bone matrix elicits new bone formation, discovery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Urist (1965); Urist and Nogami (1970); Urist et al (1979Urist et al ( ) 1965 Phenomenon of focal calciolysis in exhumed bones is described Thurner et al (1965Thurner et al ( ) 1966 ''Preparation of Decalcified Sections'' is published Brain (1966Brain ( ) 1966 ''Interactions in Electrolyte Solutions'' is ...…”

“…Throughout the 20th century, many researches and dentists recognized that dental caries is a product of the interplay of many factors including local cariogenic bacteria in plaque, fermentable carbohydrates, ''constitutional factors'' related to ''species and strains'', and the tooth structure (Ismail et al, 2001). It took many hundreds of years for the tooth worm to turn and make room for the cariogenic bacteria (Mandel, 1983).…”

“…Mostly via observational investigations, different hypotheses on causes associated with dental caries were put forth. The dominant theory at the beginning, the middle of the 19th century, was the ''worm theory' ' (Ismail et al, 2001).…”

Macromolecular Evolution of Connective Tissue

“…The detection of amino acids in a variety of fossil bones by Abelson (1956Abelson ( , 1957Abelson ( , 1963 suggested the possibility that data on collagen evolution could be derived from the fossil record. Isaacs, Little, Currey & Tarlo (1963), from electron and X-ray diffraction studies, confirmed the presence of collagen in decalcified bone from the Triassic and the Devonian. Apparent fibril banding, somewhat reduced from 640A, was demonstrated in mammalian bone of the Pleistocene (Wyckoff, Wagner, Matter I11 & Doberenz, 1963) and Miocene (Shackleford & Wyckoff, 1964), and shown to be due to overlayering of apatite crystals (Wyckoff & Doberenz, 1965).…”

Microstructure and chemical composition of fossil mammalian teeth

“…But also organic matters such as fibers and cell processes have been demonstrated in the dentin of the dermal armour of ostracoderms [2][3][4][5]. The findings were based on micro-and ultrastructural morphological evidence, on chemical reactions with protein stains, as well as by electron diffraction techniques.…”