Collaborative study of quantitative coal mineral analysis using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy

Galbreath, Kevin C.; Zygarlicke, Christopher J.; Casuccio, Gary; Moore, Tracy; Gottlieb, Paul; Agron-Olshina, Nicki; Huffman, G.P.; Shah, Amber M.; Yang, Nancy Y. C.; Vleeskens, John M.; Hamburg, G.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(95)00277-4

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…1. Operating principles of QEMSCAN, showing EDX spectrum captured at selected points on a coal particle and assignment of mineral identification based on that spectrum [21]. …”

Section: Modes Of Mineral Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QEMSCAN technique, initially developed as QEM*SEM [19,20], is an extension of more generic CCSEM (computer-controlled scanning electron microscope) techniques [21], incorporating a high-speed "species identification program" (SIP) to identify, map and perform a range of image analysis operations on the minerals and other phases in coals, coal ashes and other mineral products from point-by-point SEM-EDX data [22]. A secondary objective, based on integrating the results of these studies, was to evaluate the chemical, mineralogical and textural characteristics of the ash particles derived from the gasification process in relation to the different feed coal components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process

Matjie

French

Ward

et al. 2011

Fuel Processing Technology

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The mineral matter in typical feed coals used in South African gasification processes and the ash derived from gasifying such coals have been investigated using a variety of mineralogical, chemical and electron microscope techniques. The mineral matter in the feed coals consists mainly of kaolinite, with minor proportions of quartz, illite, dolomite, calcite and pyrite plus traces of rutile and phosphate minerals. The calcite and dolomite occur in veins within the vitrinite macerals, and are concentrated in the floats fraction after density separation. Some Ca and Ti also appear to be present as inorganic elements associated with the organic matter. Electron microscope studies show that the gasification ash is typically made up of partly altered fragments of non-coal rock, bonded together by a slag-like material containing anorthite and mullite crystals and iron oxide particles, with interstitial vesicular glass of calcic to iron-rich composition. Ash formation and characteristics thus appear to be controlled by reactions at the particle scale, allowing the different types of particles within the feed coal to interact with each other in a manner controlled mainly by the modes of mineral occurrence. Integration of such techniques provides an improved basis for evaluating ash-forming processes, based on quantitative phase identification, bulk and particle chemistry, and the geometric forms in which the different phases occur.

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“…1. Operating principles of QEMSCAN, showing EDX spectrum captured at selected points on a coal particle and assignment of mineral identification based on that spectrum [21]. …”

Section: Modes Of Mineral Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process

Matjie

French

Ward

et al. 2011

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…CCSEM determines the size and composition of mineral grains in the fuels (36,37). The CCSEM system uses a computer to control the operation of the SEM in order to determine the size, quantity, distribution, and association of mineral grains and other particulate matter by analyzing the major chemical elements present in individual mineral grains >1 µm in size.…”

Section: Fuel Fly Ash and Ash Deposit Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task 3.4--IMPACTS of Cofiring Biomass With Fossil Fuels

Zygarlicke¹,

McCollor²,

Eylands³

et al. 2001

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] where AW is the atomic weight of carbon (12 g/mole); N is the molar ratio of product gases to reactant gases (equivalent to 2 for the reaction O 2 + 2C →2CO); D is the binary diffusion coefficient of oxygen in nitrogen in cm 2 /s; X is the average particle diameter in cm at time t; R is the ideal gas constant, 82.06 cm 3 atm /mole K; and T m is the temperature of the boundary layer in K (equivalent to T g when calculation was based on gas temperature and [T g + T particle ]/2 when calculation was based on calculated particle temperature).…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] where , is the emissivity of particle and wall, taken as 0.8; F is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 1.36 × 10 -12 cal/cm-s K; and T wall is the furnace wall temperature in K. For these calculations, T wall = T g .…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Power Production Costs by Utilizing Petroleum Coke

Galbreath¹,

Toman²,

Zygarlicke³

1999

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe effects of blending petroleum shot cokes with Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coals on grindability, combustion reactivity, fouling/slagging, and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) fly ash collection efficiency were investigated over a 2-year period. Testing was conducted using three different laboratory-scale downfired combustion systems. Fly ash and deposit samples were analyzed using a variety of techniques, including inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, wavelengthdispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and digital image analysis.A PRB subbituminous coal with a Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) of about 56 at 26 wt% moisture and a petroleum shot coke with an average HGI of 38 were used for testing the effects of parent fuel hardness on PRB coal-petroleum coke blend grindability. Samples of the PRB coal, petroleum shot coke, and coal-coke blends of 95:5 and 85:15 (on a weight basis) were pulverized under identical conditions. Ni and V analyses of three size fractions (<45 µm, $45 µm but <75 µm, and $75 µm) for each pulverized fuel indicate that the finest particle-size fraction of the petroleum coke is significantly enriched in V and Ni, whereas V and Ni are uniformly distributed among the three particle-size fractions of the pulverized PRB coal. The finest particle-size fractions of the coal-coke blends are not enriched in V and Ni relative to their coarser size fractions, suggesting that the softer Ni-and V-depleted coal particles are preferentially fractioned into the finest size fractions during pulverization.Combustion kinetic testing in a drop-tube furnace of a PRB coal, petroleum coke, and an 80 wt% PRB coal-20 wt% petroleum coke blend indicates that the parent fuels essentially burn independently of each other. It was demonstrated that the combustion kinetics of a given coalpetroleum coke blend in the drop-tube furnace can be predicted from those of the parent fuels because of the two-stage combustion process.Measurements of deposits (i.e., initial slagging temperatures, crushing strengths, and ash fouling deposition rates) produced from burning PRB coal-petroleum coke blends (coke blends of 0%, 10%, and 20% on a weight basis) in a drop-tube furnace under slagging and high-temperature fouling conditions indicate that petroleum coke blending with PRB coal impedes the rate of fouling deposit growth but promotes slagging and slag deposit strength. Although petroleum coke blending slows the rate of ash fouling deposition, it promotes ash sulfation and the formation of an anhydrite-rich base layer on tube surfaces.Testing of a PRB coal and two (95:5 and 85:15) coal-coke blends in a 42-MJ/hr (40,000 Btu/hr) downfired combustion system indicates that the primary effect of petroleum coke blending on flue gas composition is a significant increase in sulfur concentration. Sulfur speciation analyses using U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc...

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Collaborative study of quantitative coal mineral analysis using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 45 publications

References 1 publication

Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process

Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process

Task 3.4--IMPACTS of Cofiring Biomass With Fossil Fuels

Reducing Power Production Costs by Utilizing Petroleum Coke

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