Collaborative planning in the new media age: The Dafo Temple controversy, China

Deng, Zhaohua; Lin, Yanliu; Zhao, Minyuan; Wang, Shifu

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.02.006

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The findings echo the recent experiences in Western countries that emphasize the needs of interaction, negotiation and consensus building in the planning process (Luo & Shen, 2008). VR systems have been used as a tool for understanding design concepts and negotiating design alternatives, to gain consensus (Lorentzen, Kobayashi, & Ito, 2009), and the Internet provides informational services through various devices; it has evolved from an information distribution tool into a network for informational interaction (Deng et al, 2015). So, the combination of VR technology and the Internet will become a feature of the next era, and provide a broader way for improving urban design concept understanding in the consensus process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cloud-based Virtual Reality Integrated Automatic Presentation Script for Understanding Urban Design Concepts in the Consensus Process

Zhang

Shen

Wang³

et al. 2017

IRSPSD International

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Abstract:In recent years, designers have used various types of tools, such as public Participation GIS (PP GIS) and Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML), to improve urban design concept understanding in the consensus process. However, these tools were frequently criticized as being too complex for the majority of potential users. Moreover, due to the limitations of data compression, hardware performance, network bandwidth and costs of current virtual reality platforms, the users need to gather in the same place and at a certain scheduled time in different phases, or download the virtual environment and avatar models from the server through the Internet, then host on the local computer. Cloud-based virtual reality technology is acknowledged as a powerful tool, which provides a communication platform for users. In this research, we contribute an example of a cloud-based virtual reality (Cloudbased VR) integrated automatic presentation script (APS) for providing a broader way for users to participate and understand urban design concepts in the consensus process. We took One Foundation's Disaster Prevention Park in China as a case study, and built a Cloud-based VR platform to propose design concepts, and create an APS for auxiliary guidance of users toward understanding the concepts of urban design and deliberate design alternatives in a design report meeting through the Internet. The application results show that the Cloud-based VR (integrated APS) platform proposed in this paper can not only simplify the discussion of design concepts without the limitation of space and time, but also can improve the efficiency of discussion around design alternatives to reach a consensus without any extra expense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cloud-based Virtual Reality Integrated Automatic Presentation Script for Understanding Urban Design Concepts in the Consensus Process

Zhang

Shen

Wang³

et al. 2017

IRSPSD International

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“…The recent development of smart cities has largely improved overall ICT infrastructure. The Internet and social media have become two of the most influential collaborative platforms through which urban planning conflicts are anticipated to be resolved (Cheng 2013;Deng et al 2014). Grassroots participants have had an impact on planning practices by using the Internet and enlightened the public's engagement in planning participation (Cheng 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, Chinese planners needed to develop their skills in communicating with the public (Sun and Yin 2008). Recently, the rapid development of social media and the Internet have offered new participatory platforms for marginal social groups, citizens, and civic organizations to express their interests and take collective action (Cheng 2013;Deng et al 2014). For example, citizens in Nanjing used microblogs and city forums to oppose the felling of old trees to make way for a new subway project and forced the local government to communicate with them.…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than face-to-face stakeholder meetings, online communication and interaction between different online actors (e.g. civic organizations and citizens) become crucial for consensus building (Cheng 2013;Deng et al 2014). Batty et al (2012, p. 19) identify in the concept of smart governance at least four modes in which ICT supports interactive collaboration and participation: "first, portals and other access points to [add] useful information about any aspect of routine living and working in cities, second, ways in which citizens can interact with software that enables them to learn more about the city by engaging with other users online and actually creatively manipulating information, third, citizens engaging with crowd-sourced systems in which they are responding to queries and uploading information, and fourth, fully fledged decisionsupport systems which enable citizens to engage in actual design and planning itself in terms of the future city ".…”

Section: Smart Governance Collaborative Planning and Pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smart Governance, Collaborative Planning and Planning Support Systems: A Fruitful Triangle?

Lin

Geertman

2015

Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography

Self Cite

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The scientific literature on smart cities has focused on innovative developments in information and communication technology (ICT) and on its consequences for urban life and policy making. In line with these, Batty et al. (Eur Phys J Spec Top 214:481-518, 2012) state that new technological developments are providing for new types of analysis, public participation and multi-actor collaboration, blurring the boundaries between smart cities and urban planning. We take this statement as a starting point for our discussion and put attention on the interplay between new ICT, smart cities and spatial planning. We focus in particular on the triangular relationship between smart governance as one of the areas of smart cities (Giffinger et al. in Ranking of European medium-sized cities, 2007), collaborative planning as a present form of spatial planning, and planning support systems (PSS) as a specific form of ICT dedicated to planning tasks. Collaborative planning is characterized by consensus building among distinctive stakeholders in participatory processes. Smart governance adds ICT-related components (e.g. efficient communication; data exchange) to the concept of collaborative planning. Finally, PSS involves the creation and use of tools to support professional planners' tasks, including introducing relevant geoinformation and facilitating participation. To illustrate this triangular relationship, we examine some practical case studies from China, Finland, and the USA that suggest how web-based and model-based PSS can fulfil a supportive role, to realize smart governance in spatial planning by promoting effective communication and collaboration between various actors, and by strengthening the transparency of the decision-making process. We conclude that collaborative planning can become a form of smart governance under two basic conditions, namely of recent developments in the applicable ICT and an appropriate institutional design.

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“…Rather than face-to-face stakeholder meetings, online communication and interaction between different online actors (e.g. civic organizations and citizens) become crucial for consensus building (Cheng 2013;Deng et al 2014). Batty et al (2012, p. 19) identify in the concept of smart governance at least four modes in which ICT supports interactive collaboration and participation: "first, portals and other access points to [add] useful information about any aspect of routine living and working in cities, second, ways in which citizens can interact with software that enables them to learn more about 264 Y. Lin and S. Geertman the city by engaging with other users online and actually creatively manipulating information, third, citizens engaging with crowd-sourced systems in which they are responding to queries and uploading information, and fourth, fully fledged decisionsupport systems which enable citizens to engage in actual design and planning itself in terms of the future city ".…”

Section: Smart Governance Collaborative Planning and Pssmentioning

confidence: 99%