Collaboration between a Soluble C-Type Lectin and Calreticulin Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp

Wang, Xianwei; Xu, Yu X.; Xu, Jie; Zhao, Xiao‐Fan; Wang, Jinxing

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400552

Cited by 81 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Studies showed that WSSV virions could enter hemocytes; however, their genome replication and structural protein expression were unsuccessful in crayfish hemocytes [19]. The VP28 protein expression level was upregulated in the gills after WSSV challenge (Fig 1E), hematopoietic tissue cells [19] and stomach [18], but not in hemocytes after WSSV challenge in shrimp. All the results suggested that hemocytes had a mechanism to restrict WSSV replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WSSV inoculum was acquired according to previous publications [18, 63]. Briefly, all tissues (except the hepatopancreas) of WSSV-infected shrimp were homogenized in sterile PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 2mM KH2PO4, 10 mM Na2HPO4, pH 7.4) at a ratio of 10% (w/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After centrifugation at 3000 × g for 5 min at 4°C, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45-nm filter. The virus titer was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, on the basis of a previous report [18]. Each shrimp was injected a 30 μL of WSSV inoculum (1×10 5 virions) in the subsequent challenge experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies showed that WSSV entered hematopoietic tissue (HPT) cells or stomach epithelium via clathrin-mediated endocytosis or cholesterol (lipid raft) -dependent endocytosis mediated by C-type lectin-calreticulin interaction [17, 18]. Further studies indicated that WSSV could enter both hemocytes and HPT cells through endocytosis, but they could not replicate in hemocytes for some unknown reason [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scavenger Receptor C Mediates Phagocytosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Restricts Virus Proliferation in Shrimp

et al. 2016

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Scavenger receptors are an important class of pattern recognition receptors that play several important roles in host defense against pathogens. The class C scavenger receptors (SRCs) have only been identified in a few invertebrates, and their role in the immune response against viruses is seldom studied. In this study, we firstly identified an SRC from kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, designated MjSRC, which was significantly upregulated after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge at the mRNA and protein levels in hemocytes. The quantity of WSSV increased in shrimp after knockdown of MjSRC, compared with the controls. Furthermore, overexpression of MjSRC led to enhanced WSSV elimination via phagocytosis by hemocytes. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the interaction between MjSRC and the WSSV envelope protein. Electron microscopy observation indicated that the colloidal gold-labeled extracellular domain of MjSRC was located on the outer surface of WSSV. MjSRC formed a trimer and was internalized into the cytoplasm after WSSV challenge, and the internalization was strongly inhibited after knockdown of Mjβ-arrestin2. Further studies found that Mjβ-arrestin2 interacted with the intracellular domain of MjSRC and induced the internalization of WSSV in a clathrin-dependent manner. WSSV were co-localized with lysosomes in hemocytes and the WSSV quantity in shrimp increased after injection of lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MjSRC recognized WSSV via its extracellular domain and invoked hemocyte phagocytosis to restrict WSSV systemic infection. This is the first study to report an SRC as a pattern recognition receptor promoting phagocytosis of a virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scavenger Receptor C Mediates Phagocytosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Restricts Virus Proliferation in Shrimp

et al. 2016

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“…mosGCTL-29 and mosGCTL-32 also significantly enhance Comamonas testosteroni, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, and Serratia marcescens amplification (58). In addition to the ability of soluble CTLs to facilitate microorganism infection in mosquitoes, a previous study reported that a CTL of the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjsvCL) facilitates white spot syndrome virus infection (59). CTLs are mainly in a soluble form in arthropods, and there are many types, indicating that they have important functions related to microbial infection.…”

Section: Fig 6 Anti-mosgctl-7 Serum Inhibits Jev Infection In Vivo Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

mosGCTL-7, a C-Type Lectin Protein, Mediates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mosquitoes

Liu

Qian

Jung

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus prevalent in Asia and the Western Pacific and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis. JEV is maintained in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the molecular mechanisms by which the mosquito vector participates in transmission are unclear. We investigated the expression of all C-type lectins during JEV infection in Aedes aegypti. The C-type lectin mosquito galactose-specific C-type lectin 7 (mosGCTL-7) (VectorBase accession no. AAEL002524) was significantly upregulated by JEV infection and facilitated infection in vivo and in vitro. mosGCTL-7 bound to the N-glycan at N154 on the JEV envelope protein. This recognition of viral N-glycan by mosGCTL-7 is required for JEV infection, and we found that this interaction was Ca 2ϩ dependent. After mosGCTL-7 bound to the glycan, mosPTP-1 bound to mosGCTL-7, promoting JEV entry. The viral burden in vivo and in vitro was significantly decreased by mosPTP-1 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) treatment, and infection was abolished by anti-mosGCTL-7 antibodies. Our results indicate that the mosGCTL-7/mosPTP-1 pathway plays a key role in JEV infection in mosquitoes. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying flavivirus infection in mosquitoes will provide further opportunities for developing new strategies to control viral dissemination in nature.IMPORTANCE Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and is the primary cause of viral encephalitis in the Asia-Pacific region. Twenty-four countries in the WHO Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions have endemic JEV transmission, which exposes Ͼ3 billion people to the risks of infection, although JEV primarily affects children. C-type lectins are host factors that play a role in flavivirus infection in humans, swine, and other mammals. In this study, we investigated C-type lectin functions in JEV-infected Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes and cultured cells. JEV infection changed the expression of almost all C-type lectins in vivo and in vitro, and mosGCTL-7 bound to the JEV envelope protein via an N-glycan at N154. Cell surface mosPTP-1 interacted with the mosGCTL-7-JEV complex to facilitate virus infection in vivo and in vitro. Our findings provide further opportunities for developing new strategies to control arbovirus dissemination in nature.

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Identification and characterization of two novel C‐type lectins from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L.

Zhou

Fang

Zheng

et al. 2018

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Lectins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed in various insects and play crucial roles in primary host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Two AMPs (cecropin and attacin) have been identified and characterized in the larvae of housefly. In this study, two novel C-type lectins (CTLs) were obtained from Musca domestica, while their agglutinating and antiviral properties were evaluated. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of four immune genes (MdCTL1, MdCTL2, Cecropin, and Attacin) from M. domestica were significantly upregulated after injection with killed Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, purified MdCTL1-2 proteins can agglutinate E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium ions, suggesting their immune function is Ca dependent. Sequence analysis indicated that typical WND and QPD motifs were found in the Ca -binding site 2 of carbohydrate recognition domain from MdCTL1-2, which was consistent with their agglutinating activities. Subsequently, antiviral experiments indicated that MdCTL1-2 proteins could significantly reduce the infection rate of Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells by the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, indicating they might play important roles in insect innate immunity against microbial pathogens. In addition, MdCTL1-2 proteins could effectively inhibit the replication of influenza H N virus, which was similar to the effect of ribavirin. These results suggested that two novel CTLs could be considered a promising drug candidate for the treatment of influenza. Moreover, it is believed that the discovery of the CTLs with antiviral effects in M. domestica will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of insect immune response against viruses.

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Collaboration between a Soluble C-Type Lectin and Calreticulin Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp

Cited by 81 publications

References 52 publications

Scavenger Receptor C Mediates Phagocytosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Restricts Virus Proliferation in Shrimp

Scavenger Receptor C Mediates Phagocytosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Restricts Virus Proliferation in Shrimp

mosGCTL-7, a C-Type Lectin Protein, Mediates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mosquitoes

Identification and characterization of two novel C‐type lectins from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L.

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