Colistin Resistance Gene
            <i>mcr-1</i>
            in Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli in South Africa

Perreten, Vincent; Strauß, Christian; Collaud, Alexandra; Gerber, David J.

doi:10.1128/aac.00548-16

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The mcr-1 colistin resistance gene has been recently reported in Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli in South Africa [21]. In that same report, the presence of the gene is associated with travellers and the trade of food animals, supporting the earlier assertions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance phenotypes of selected enteric bacteria isolated from non-human primates at a wildlife-human interface. Bacterial isolates from faecal samples of non-human primates at two wildlife rehabilitation centres in South Africa were screened for the presence of Escherichia coli. The biochemical characterisation of E. coli and E. coli-like bacteria revealed both adonitol positive and sorbitol negative strains – a unique characteristic of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli K99. Further tests were carried out to identify the isolates, namely growth on Simmons citrate agar supplemented with 2% adonitol and biochemical tests based on their ability to ferment cellobiose and d-arabitol. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined with microbroth dilution tests employing microtitre plates with 21 different antimicrobial drugs. Molecular characterisation was done with a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targeted the yliE and EFER_1569 genes. E. fergusonii strains were confirmed by the presence of a 233 bp segment of the yliE gene and a 432 bp segment of the EFER_1569 gene.Twenty-three E. coli-like bacteria were confirmed as E. fergusonii based on the confirmatory tests and they were in 100% agreement. Approximately 87% of them were resistant to polymyxins B and E (colistin) as well as the carbapenem group with occasional resistance to amikacin.This is the first reported isolation and identification of E. fergusonii strains in non-human primates. The findings point to E. fergusonii as a possible emerging pathogen of zoonotic importance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since mcr-1 conferring plasmid-mediated colistin resistance was first detected in China, mcr-1 has been identified in 30 countries across five continents [14][15][16][17] (Figure 4). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene, mcr-2, in Escherichia coli, Belgium, June 2016

Xavier¹,

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We identified a novel plasmid-mediated colistinresistance gene in porcine and bovine colistin-resistant Escherichia coli that did not contain mcr-1. The gene, termed mcr-2, a 1,617 bp phosphoethanolamine transferase harboured on an IncX4 plasmid, has 76.7% nucleotide identity to mcr-1. Prevalence of mcr-2 in porcine colistin-resistant E. coli (11/53) in Belgium was higher than that of mcr-1 (7/53). These data call for an immediate introduction of mcr-2 screening in ongoing molecular epidemiological surveillance of colistinresistant Gram-negative pathogens. . mcr-1 was detected in 12.4% (n = 13) of the E. coli isolates, of which six and seven were from calves and piglets, respectively [3,4]. In the present study, we analysed porcine and bovine colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates that did not show presence of mcr-1 and identified a novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance-conferring gene, mcr-2.

show abstract

“…The plasmid pHNSHP45 carrying mcr-1 gene was initially isolated in July 2013 from an E. coli strain recovered from a pig farm (Shanghai, China) and showed resistance to most antibiotic families except the carbapenems (Liu et al, 2016). Subsequently, mcr-1 has been reported in different plasmid incompatibility groups from different animal species, including IncHI2 (200–290 Kb), pVT553 (62 Kb), IncX4 (30 Kb), and IncP (79 Kb) plasmids in E. coli from broilers poultry, bovine, and swine origin (Anjum et al, 2016; Falgenhauer et al, 2016; Malhotra-Kumar et al, 2016a; Perreten et al, 2016; Veldman et al, 2016) and IncX4 (30 Kb) plasmids in Salmonella from chicken and turkey meat (Veldman et al, 2016; Webb et al, 2016). Xavier et al (2016a) isolated the mcr-1 gene in pKP81-BE plasmid (91 Kb) from colistin resistant E. coli of porcine origin.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Enterobacteriaceae Resistance To Colistinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colistin (Polymyxin E) is one of the few cationic antimicrobial peptides commercialized in both human and veterinary medicine. For several years now, colistin has been considered the last line of defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin has been extensively used orally since the 1960s in food animals and particularly in swine for the control of Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the recent discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by the mcr-1 gene and the higher prevalence of samples harboring this gene in animal isolates compared to other origins, livestock has been singled out as the principal reservoir for colistin resistance amplification and spread. Co-localization of the mcr-1 gene and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase genes on a unique plasmid has been also identified in many isolates from animal origin. The use of colistin in pigs as a growth promoter and for prophylaxis purposes should be banned, and the implantation of sustainable measures in pig farms for microbial infection prevention should be actively encouraged and financed. The scientific research should be encouraged in swine medicine to generate data helping to reduce the exacerbation of colistin resistance in pigs and in manure. The establishment of guidelines ensuring a judicious therapeutic use of colistin in pigs, in countries where this drug is approved, is of crucial importance. The implementation of a microbiological withdrawal period that could reduce the potential contamination of consumers with colistin resistant bacteria of porcine origin should be encouraged. Moreover, the management of colistin resistance at the human-pig-environment interface requires the urgent use of the One Health approach for effective control and prevention. This approach needs the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines and close cooperation between physicians, veterinarians, and other scientific health and environmental professionals. This review is an update on the chemistry of colistin, its applications and antibacterial mechanism of action, and on Enterobacteriaceae resistance to colistin in pigs. We also detail and discuss the One Health approach and propose guidelines for colistin resistance management.

show abstract

Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli in South Africa

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa

The first report of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from non-human primates, in Africa

Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene, mcr-2, in Escherichia coli, Belgium, June 2016

Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About