Coliphages as indicators of enteroviruses

Stetler, Ronald E.

doi:10.1128/aem.48.3.668-670.1984

Cited by 91 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1,33; P < 0.04) had a 10-fold less significant variation. A number of other studies have shown that coliphages and enteroviruses have a seasonal pattern of fluctuation with high numbers in winter and low numbers in summer (Simkova & Cerevenka 1981;Stetler 1984). Keswick et al (1984) found that turbidity increased due to storm run-off which resulted in greatly increased counts of rotaviruses and coliphages over those obtained from dry season samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The effect of environmental factors on coliphages in the Welsh River Dee

Nuttall

Parry

1987

Lett Appl Microbiol

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In a l‐year study at Ironbridge on the Welsh River Dee the Escherichia coli popu‐lation varied over a 200‐fold range and the coliphage populations grown at 37°C (H. T. phage) and at 22°C (L. T. phage) each varied by over 100‐fold. Both the E. coli and H. T. phage counts were shown to have highly signiflcant seasonal fluctuations, which included troughs in summer and peaks in winter. The L. T. phage count appeared to maintain a baseline population in summer and had a 20‐fold less sig‐nificant association with temperature than the H. T. phage population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It seems probable that the coliphage populations in this study were influenced in a similar fashion. A positive seasonal response of the E. coli population with river flow has not been observed in some other rivers (Nuttall 1983;White & Godfree 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of environmental factors on coliphages in the Welsh River Dee

Nuttall

Parry

1987

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…It is well known, however, that absence or very low levels of these indicators do not necessarily mean that enteric viruses are also absent. Detection of phages as model organisms for enteric viruses would therefore seem to be a good alternative to the use of bacterial indicators (Simkowa and Cervenka 1981;Stetler 1984;IAWPRC 1991;Havelaar et al 1993). A second use of bacteriophages frequently reported in the literature is that of an index of faecal pollution (Wentsel et al 1982;IAWPRC 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports suggest that these bacteriological criteria are not sufficient to assure the absence of bacterial, and especially viral pathogens in water used for drinking, recreation and growing shellfish. The additional search for pathogenic bacteria (Wilson and Moore 1996) and bacteriophages as indicators of faecal pollution and viral contamination was therefore discussed (Vaughn and Metcalf 1975;Simkova and Cervenka 1981;Borrego et al 1983;Stetler 1984;Havelaar et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of indicator bacteria and bacteriophages in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters

Legnani

Leoni

Lev³

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Shellfish (mussels and clams) and shellfish‐growing waters were examined for indicator bacteria according to the EC regulations, Salmonella spp., coliphages and anti‐Salmonella phages. Samples were collected both from natural‐growing areas along the coast and from authorized shellfish‐harvesting beds. The coastal area was affected by organic pollution and extensive faecal contamination and, according to the legal requirements, was unsuitable for shellfish farming. The shellfish collected along the coast also showed faecal contamination at levels which did not conform to legal standards. No significant differences were observed between the frequency of isolation of somatic coliphages and indicator bacteria from sea water. In contrast, both the authorized and wild coastal shellfish were contaminated by coliphages at a significantly higher level than the corresponding bacterial indicators for faecal contamination (χ2 test, P < 0·01). Coliphage concentrations were significantly correlated with faecal indicators in marine waters (P < 0·001) and sediments (P < 0·05), but no correlation was found in shellfish, thus showing their low specificity as indicators of faecal pollution of human origin in shellfish of economic importance.

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“…Currently, coliphages are among the most promising indicators of viral inactivation efficiency in wastewater treatment (Omura et al, 1985), and numerous reports by Kenard and Valentine (19741, Stetler (1984) and Wentsel et al (1982) have supported this. In addition, coliphages have been reported to correlate well with enteroviruses in water (Scarpino, 1975;Stetler, 1984).…”

Section: Effect Of Physicochemical Parameters On the Enumeration Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southeast Asian experiences with the coliphage test

Suan

Chuen

Sivaborvorn

1988

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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The increasing demand for potable water in Southeast Asia warrants the need for a simple, rapid, and economical water quality test that can be used by unskilled personnel to monitor potential fecal contamination of drinking water supplies. The coliphage test is expected to fulfill this need since many advantages can be attributed to this test. In order to evaluate the use of the coliphage test, an intensive study to correlate the results of the coliphage test with three other water quality tests—viz., conventional five‐tube most probable number (MPN) fermentation test, the A1 broth five‐tube MPN test, and the membrane filtration test—was carried out. At least 1000 water samples were examined over a 20‐month period. Results of the tests showed that there is a consistent relationship between coliphages and fecal coliforms in river water, pond water, well water and rainwater, in that coliphages are frequently found when fecal coliforms are detected. On the other hand, correlation analyses have also showed that in water sources that are shallow and turbid due to residual sediments, correlation between coliphages and fecal coliforms was less significant. Further analyses have also indicated that the factors that most affected the coliphage tests were turbidity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. In the process of evaluating the coliphage procedure, it was found that the test can be performed at ambient temperatures and results can be obtained after 6–8 h of incubation.

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Coliphages as indicators of enteroviruses

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of environmental factors on coliphages in the Welsh River Dee

The effect of environmental factors on coliphages in the Welsh River Dee

Distribution of indicator bacteria and bacteriophages in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters

Southeast Asian experiences with the coliphage test

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