Cold-water acclimation does not modify whole-body fluid regulation during subsequent cold-water immersion

Abstract

We investigated the impact of cold-water acclimation on whole-body fluid regulation using tracer-dilution methods to differentiate between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Seven euhydrated males [age 24.7 (8.7) years, mass 74.4 (6.4) kg, height 176.8 (7.8) cm, sum of eight skinfolds 107.4 (20.4) mm; mean (SD)] participated in a 14-day cold-water acclimation protocol, with 60-min resting cold-water stress tests [CWST; 18.1 (0.1) degrees C] on days 1, 8 and 15, and 90-min resting cold-water immersions [18.4 (0.4) degrees C] on intervening days. Subjects were immersed to the 4th intercostal space. Intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments, and plasma protein, electrolyte and hormone concentrations were investigated. During the first CWST, the intracellular fluid (5.5%) and plasma volumes were reduced (6.1%), while the interstitial fluid volume was simultaneously expanded (5.4%). This pattern was replicated on days 8 and 15, but did not differ significantly among test days. Acclimation did not produce significant changes in the pre-immersion distribution of total body water, or changes in plasma osmolality, total protein, electrolyte, atrial natriuretic peptide or aldosterone concentrations. Furthermore, a 14-day cold-water acclimation regimen did not elicit significant changes in body-fluid distribution, urine production, or the concentrations of plasma protein, electrolytes or the fluid-regulatory hormones. While acclimation trends were not evident, we have confirmed that fluid from extravascular cells is displaced into the interstitium during acute cold-water immersion, both before and after cold acclimation.

Interactions between temperature and human leptin physiology in vivo and in vitro

“…Data from our laboratory (Stocks et al 2004), and others (Atterhog et al 1975;Sramek et al 1993), have demonstrated that cold exposure decreases rather than increases plasma volume. Therefore, changes in plasma volume are not likely to contribute to the observed decrease in plasma leptin concentration.…”

“…Seven of these subjects also participated in a more extensive study, involving measurements of thermogenic responses, body-fluid compartment changes, and hormonal responses (Stocks et al 2004). The subjects acted as their own controls for this experiment, with the difference between the first and last immersion being used to evaluate the effects of chronic cold exposure.…”

“…Since the dynamics of T c change were not relevant to this study, and since all indices provided qualitatively similar T c information (Stocks et al 2004), we elected to measure only T re in the remaining five subjects, and herein report only T re . T re was recorded using a thermistor, inserted 12 cm beyond the anal sphincter (YSI type-401, Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA).…”

Comparison of Selected Morphological, Rheological and Biochemical Parameters of Winter Swimmers' Blood at the End of One Winter Swimming Season and at the Beginning of Another

“…According to STOCKS et al (2004), winter swimming does not exert any effect on plasma osmolality, total serum protein and electrolyte levels, which suggests that immersion in cold water is associated with a shift of extracellular fluid to interstitial space. FR_HLICH et al 1997 shown seasonal changes in fibrinogen where maximum level was reached in April, and the seasonal difference was 0,32 g/L.…”

A neuromorphic device mimicking synaptic plasticity under different body fluid K+ homeostasis for artificial reflex path construction and pattern recognition

“…The body fluid ionic environment influences the nervous functions that maintain the dynamic balance of organisms through a series of biophysical and chemical reactions [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . Body fluids account for approximately 60% of body weight [5] . Numerous studies have shown that maintaining electrolyte concentration inside and outside the cell in a state of dynamic balance is essential for biological activities [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] .…”