Cold tolerance and biochemical response of unfed Dermacentor silvarum ticks to low temperature

Wang, Tianhong; Yang, Xiaolong; Jia, Qingying; Dong, Na; Wang, Hui; Hu, Yonghong; Yu, Zhou; Liu, Jingze

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.010

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The fact that D. silvarum is particularly well adapted to cold winter temperatures is shown by the lower lethal temperatures (50% survival) for larvae and nymphs of approximately −16 • C and for adults of −20 • C . The temperatures, at which D. silvarum body fluids spontaneously freeze, was determined to be −20 • C and −24 • C , respectively (Wang et al 2017). The occurrence of D. silvarum in dry steppes or in warm temperate climates can be frequently attributed to the fact that these climates were boreal at the time the historical tick locations were reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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The two ixodid tick species Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) and Dermacentor silvarum Olenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia, within the belt of 34−60 • N latitude. Whilst the distribution area of D. reticulatus extends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that of D. silvarum extends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the two Dermacentor species overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferenced D. reticulatus and 522 D. silvarum locations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the two Dermacentor species are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution of D. reticulatus under different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution of D. silvarum shows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%). Dermacentor silvarum seems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summers D. reticulatus does not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of both Dermacentor species. For the first time, the entire distribution areas of D. reticulatus and D. silvarum were mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperatures, at which D. silvarum body fluids spontaneously freeze, was determined to be and , respectively (Wang et al. 2017 ). The occurrence of D. silvarum in dry steppes or in warm temperate climates can be frequently attributed to the fact that these climates were boreal at the time the historical tick locations were reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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“…The oviposition of females and egg hatching was synchronized, irrespective of the month in which the females engorged to ensure that the emergence of eggs and larvae coincide with optimal conditions for development. In fact, D. silvarum is particularly well adapted to cold winter temperatures; the lowest temperature points (at which body fluids spontaneously freeze) of larvae and adults averaged −20.0 °C and −23.9 °C, respectively [ 31 ]. Moreover, unfed adults can enter a behavioral diapause, remaining quiescent under the leaf litter without actively questing for host, which can last about 9–10 months to over winter [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and Associated Pathogens: Meta-Analysis of Global Published Data and a Field Survey in China

Guo

Shi

Wang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Dermacentor silvarum is an obligate blood sucking arthropod and transmits various pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Recently several new viruses were detected in D. silvarum as an emerging disease threat. In this study, we aimed to analyze its geographical distribution and associated pathogens. Data were collected from multiple sources, including a field survey, reference book, and literature review. We searched various electronic databases with the terms “Dermacentor silvarum” OR “D. silvarum” for studies published since 1963 and the positive rates for Dermacentor silvarum-associated pathogens were estimated by meta-analysis. D. silvarum was found only in four countries in Eurasia, ranging from 22° N to 57° N latitude. At least 20 human pathogens were associated with D. silvarum, including five species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, three species in the family of Anaplasmataceae, three genospecies in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Francisella tularensis, Babesia venatorum, Coxiella buenetii, Borrelia miyamotoi, and five species of virus. Among them, Rickettsia raoultii was widely detected in D. silvarum, showing the highest pooled positive rate (25.15%; 95% CI 13.31–39.27). Our work presents the most comprehensive data and analysis (to our knowledge) for the geographical distribution of D. silvarum and associated pathogens, revealing an emerging threat to public health and stocking farming. Continued surveillance and further investigations should be enhanced.

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“…China has a relatively high tick species diversity, and over 120 species (about 13% of world species) have been described across its geography and infesting different hosts (Bush & Robbins, ; Chao, Hsieh, & Shih, ; Chao, Lu, Lin, & Shih, ; Z. Chen et al, ; Deng & Jiang, ; Duan, ; T. Guo, Sun, Xu, & Durden, ; Y. Guo, Sun, & Xu, ; W. Li, Sun, Zhang, & Xu, ; Wen & Chen, ; Yin & Luo, ; X. Yu, Ye, & Gong, ). Owing to the medical and economic importance of ticks, increasing studies have paid more attention to tick biology (Z. Chen, Yu, Yang, Zheng, & Liu, ; J. Li et al, ; J. Liu, Liu, Zhang, Yang, & Gao, ; Ma et al, ), tick ecology (T. Wang et al, ; Zheng, Yu, Zhou, Yang, & Liu, ), and tick‐borne disease (Chu et al, ; Fang et al, ; Wu, Na, Wei, Zhu, & Peng, ; Z. Yu et al, ), especially reports of the new emergence of tick‐borne pathogens in recent years (H. Li et al, ; Y. Z. Zhang & Xu, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: Geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity

Zhang

Liu

2019

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Ticks are obligate blood‐sucking ectoparasites, which not only directly damage through bites but also transmit many pathogens. China has a high diversity of tick species, 125 species have been reported, including 111 hard tick and 14 soft tick species. Many of the ticks are important vectors of pathogens, resulting in zoonoses. The dynamics of ticks are affected by both the host and habitat environment. However, systematic studies on the geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity of ticks are limited in China. To achieve this goal, the relevant available data were summarized and analyzed in this study. Ticks are distributed in all parts of China and Xinjiang has the most records of ticks. The distribution of ticks in adjacent areas is similar, indicating that the habitat environment affects their distribution. Most ticks are widely distributed, whereas some species are endemic to their distributed regions. Ticks are parasitic on mammals, birds, and reptiles, of which mammals are the main host species. Overall, most ticks parasitize different hosts, only a few ticks have strict host specificity, such as ticks that are specifically parasitic on reptiles and bats. In addition, environmental changes and control efforts also influence the dynamics of ticks. These results can better reveal tick biological traits and are valuable for tick control.

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Cold tolerance and biochemical response of unfed Dermacentor silvarum ticks to low temperature

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and Associated Pathogens: Meta-Analysis of Global Published Data and a Field Survey in China

Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: Geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity

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