Cold Testing Through Full-Coverage Restorations

Abstract

Endodontic diagnosis often requires thermal testing through porcelain fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the temperature change during thermal testing by three commonly used methods occurring at the pulp-dentin junction (PDJ) of nonrestored teeth and teeth restored with full coverage restorations made of PFM, all-porcelain, or gold. The methods used to produce a thermal change were (a) an ice stick, (b) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE), and (c) carbon dioxide snow. A thermocouple measured temperature changes occurring at the PDJ in 10 extracted premolars when thermal tested by each method over a period of 30 seconds. Temperature reduction was also measured for the same samples restored with full gold crowns, PFM, and Empress crowns. Results showed intact premolars and those restored with PFM or all-ceramic restorations to respond similarly to thermal testing. In these teeth, TFE produced a significantly greater temperature decrease than carbon dioxide snow between 10 and 25 seconds (p < 0.05). In conclusion, application of TFE on a saturated #2 cotton pellet was the most effective method for producing a temperature reduction at the PDJ of intact teeth and those restored with gold, PFM, and all-porcelain when testing for less than 15 seconds.

Evaluation of Accuracy, Reliability, and Repeatability of Five Dental Pulp Tests

“…In vitro studies (6,12) have reported a faster rate of temperature change produced by refrigerant sprays than the rate with CO 2 , but without superior accuracy, and the current study had similar findings with regards to accuracy. Perhaps the warmer oral environment might play a more significant effect on test outcome than was originally suggested by Miller et al (13).…”

“…DDM has decreased in popularity because of environmental concerns (13), and it has been replaced by other gases such as the mixture of propane, butane, and isobutane (Endo Frost [EF]; Roeko, Langenau, Germany). Concerns have been raised about possible damaging effects of cold testing agents to teeth, but studies have shown that they are safe (14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

General dentists’ use of diagnostic equipment and methods

“…It is an efficient method to test multiple teeth without moving away from the mouth, and although initial set-up costs may be high, there is evidence that CO 2 may be more cost effective in the long term. Cold sprays are perceived to be more convenient, easily stored and relatively inexpensive to use, which may explain their more frequent use in private practice (13,(28)(29)(30).…”

Pulpa Hassasi̇yet Testleri̇: Derleme

“…TFE tekniği kuru buz tekniğinden daha hızlı ve etkilidir. 17,25 PBM'nin ticari ismi Endo-Frost (-50 ˚C) dur. Genellikle %30-50 proban, %30-50 bütan, %10-20 izobütan içerir.…”