Cold stress induces antioxidants and Hsps in chicken immune organs

Zhao, Fu; Zhang, Zi Wei; Qu, Jian Ping; Yao, Hai Dong; Li, Ming; Li, Shu; Shi, Xu

doi:10.1007/s12192-013-0489-9

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, under chronic cold stress the activity of SOD, NO, and NOS in duodenum first decreased and then increased, whereas the MDA level increased [131]. In immune organs, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were first increased then decreased, and activity of total antioxidant capacity was significantly decreased at the acute cold stress in chicks [132].…”

Section: Cold Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

159

135

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Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.

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Section: Cold Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

159

135

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“…Hsp40 is a eukaryotic homologue of a bacterial protein, which, with Hsp70, facilitates protein folding (Li et al 2009). Cold and oxidative stress causes higher levels of Hsp40 and Hsp70 in chicken hearts (Zhao et al 2014a). Hsp60 is higher under heat stress with an increased requirement of ATP (Koelkebeck and Odom 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90 also protect cardiac muscle cells from transport stress. When exposed to cold stress, the Hsps (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and Hsp27) expression levels were increased, which protects immune organs (Zhao et al 2014a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenoproteins and heat shock proteins play important roles in immunosuppression in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with selenium deficiency

Khoso

Yang

Liu

et al. 2015

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Selenium (Se) is necessary for the immune system in chicken and mediates its physiological functions through selenoproteins. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are indispensable for maintaining normal cell function and for directing the immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of selenoproteins and Hsps as well as immune functions in the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Two groups of chickens, namely the control and Se-deficient (L group) groups, were reared for 55 days. The chickens were offered a basal diet, which contained 0.15 mg Se/kg in the diet fed to the control group and 0.033 mg Se/kg in the diet fed to the L group. We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactionto detect the mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins and Hsps on days 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Hsps on days 35, 45 and 55, and immune functions were assessed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 15, 35, and 55. The data showed that the mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins, such as Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, GPx1, GPx2, GPx3 GPx4, Sepp1, Selo, Sel-15, Sepx1, Sels, Seli, Selu, Selh, and SPS2, were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the L group compared with the control group. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Hsps (Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) were also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the L group. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ were significantly lower (P<0.05) and TNF-α was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the L group compared with the control group. Our results show that immunosuppression was accompanied by a downregulation of mRNA expression levels of selenoproteins and an upregulation of the Hsp mRNA expression levels. Thus, Se deficiency causes defects in the chicken bursa of Fabricius, and selenoproteins and Hsps play important roles in immunosuppression in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with Se deficiency.

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“…Specific primers for Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, Hsp27 and GAPDH were described by Zhao [29] and were designed based on known chicken sequences (Table 1) using the Primer Premier software (PREMIER Biosoft International, USA). General PCRs were first performed to confirm the specificity of the primers.…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Pcr (Qpcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chickens, Hsps have a protective role against environment stress in the immune system [29]. However, there are few reports of the effects of As 2 O 3 on Hsp expression in birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Arsenic Trioxide Exposure on Heat Shock Protein Response in the Immune Organs of Chickens

Guo

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a kind of pentavalent arsenic, has recently been linked to disrupted immune function. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), a group of highly conserved proteins, are rapidly synthesised when living organisms are exposed to various stress conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of As2O3 on the expression level of Hsps (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40 and Hsp27) in the immune organs (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius (BF)) of chickens. A total of 72 1-day-old male Hy-line chickens were randomly divided into four groups, including the low-As group (L group), middle-As group (M group), high-As group (H group) and control group (C group). Immune organs were collected, and levels of Hsp messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were examined on days 30, 60 and 90. The results showed that the levels of Hsp mRNA (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40 and Hsp27) and protein (Hsp70 and Hsp60) expression were significantly increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in the As2O3 treatment groups compared with the corresponding control groups. Taken together, these results suggest that As2O3 influences the level of Hsps in immune organs.

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Cold stress induces antioxidants and Hsps in chicken immune organs

Cited by 95 publications

References 59 publications

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Selenoproteins and heat shock proteins play important roles in immunosuppression in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with selenium deficiency

Effects of Arsenic Trioxide Exposure on Heat Shock Protein Response in the Immune Organs of Chickens

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