Cold Start with Ethanol-Blend Fuels and Influences on Non-Legislated Emissions of a GDI Flex Fuel Vehicle

Stępień, Zbigniew; Czerwiński, Jan

doi:10.15244/pjoes/69282

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A well-known fact is that the emissions at cold start, during the warm-up and at the low speed phases of urban operation, both in the laboratory and on the road, tend to be higher for all pollutants [13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This fact supports even the idea for future introduction of urban emission limits for the short trips, which are very frequent in Europe [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars

Engelmann¹,

Hüssy²,

Comte³

et al. 2021

Combustion Engines

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Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer. As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (c.a. 25s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop & go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars

Engelmann¹,

Hüssy²,

Comte³

et al. 2021

Combustion Engines

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“…While ethanolgasoline blends are effective in lowering emissions of harmful pollution in automobile exhaust, the lower energy density of bioethanol compared to distillate hydrocarbons limits its utilization in the aviation industry. 145 Therefore, the conversion of bioethanol into liquid transportation fuels, specifically jet fuel range hydrocarbons, offers a viable strategy to overcome these limitations. However, although jet fuels are important for the sustainable aviation industry, as mentioned above, the recent utilization of renewable jet fuel represents less than 0.1% of the global demand for jet fuel.…”

Section: Bioethanol Conversion To Jet Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-known that bioethanol has been used as a blend component in gasoline, serving as engine fuels. While ethanol-gasoline blends are effective in lowering emissions of harmful pollution in automobile exhaust, the lower energy density of bioethanol compared to distillate hydrocarbons limits its utilization in the aviation industry . Therefore, the conversion of bioethanol into liquid transportation fuels, specifically jet fuel range hydrocarbons, offers a viable strategy to overcome these limitations.…”

Section: Bioethanol Conversion To Jet Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Recent Advances in Hierarchical Zeolites for Bioethanol Conversion to Chemicals, Jet Fuels, and Carbon Nanotubes

Chaipornchalerm,

Prasertsab,

Prasanseang

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Bioethanol, derived from agricultural sources, is considered as one of the promising sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, several catalytic routes can be used to convert bioethanol to valuable chemicals and materials, particularly by employing a zeolite as a catalyst. However, it still suffers from using a conventional zeolite due to the rapid deactivation of the catalyst from pore blockage and acid-site poisoning during bioethanol conversion. To address this challenge, hierarchical zeolites have been explored to enhance molecular diffusion and optimize acidic characteristics, eventually improving catalytic activity and stability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and perspectives in utilizing hierarchical zeolites for bioethanol upgrading. We emphasize the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites and their applications in bioethanol conversion to high-value-added chemicals, such as ethylene, acetaldehyde, butadiene, aromatics, jet fuels, and carbon materials. We highlight both the advantages and challenges associated with hierarchical zeolites as well as the potential for further development of this novel type of catalyst in bioethanol conversion processes.

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Characterizing Operating Condition-Based Formaldehyde Emissions of Light-Duty Diesel Trucks in China Using a PEMS-HCHO System

Zhu

Liao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a critical role in atmospheric photochemistry and public health. While existing studies have suggested that vehicular exhaust is an important source of HCHO, the operating condition-based diesel truck HCHO emission measurements remain severely limited due to the limited temporal resolution and accuracy of measurement techniques. In this study, we characterized the second-by-second HCHO emissions from 29 light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) in China over dynamometer and real-world driving tests using a portable online HCHO emission measurement system (PEMS-HCHO), considering various operating conditions. Our results suggested that the HCHO emissions from LDDTs might be underestimated by the widely used offline DNPH-HPLC method. The HCHO emissions at a 200 s cold start from China V LDDT can be up to 50 mg/start. Different driving conditions over dynamometer and real-world driving tests led to a 2−4 times difference in the HCHO emission factors (EFs). Under real-world hotrunning conditions, the HCHO EFs of China III, IV, V, and VI LDDTs were 43.5 ± 35.7, 10.6 ± 14.2, 8.8 ± 5.1, and 3.2 ± 1.2 mg/ km, respectively, which significantly exceeded the latest California low emission vehicle III HCHO emission standard (2.5 mg/km). These findings highlighted the significant impact of vehicle operating conditions on HCHO emissions and the urgency of regulating HCHO emissions from LDDTs in China.

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Cold Start with Ethanol-Blend Fuels and Influences on Non-Legislated Emissions of a GDI Flex Fuel Vehicle

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars

Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars

Perspectives on Recent Advances in Hierarchical Zeolites for Bioethanol Conversion to Chemicals, Jet Fuels, and Carbon Nanotubes

Characterizing Operating Condition-Based Formaldehyde Emissions of Light-Duty Diesel Trucks in China Using a PEMS-HCHO System

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