Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Luo, Yueqi; Jiao, Kui

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2017.10.003

Cited by 231 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Water accumulation (or storage) has been observed by other experiments, which leads to periodic liquid break-through GDL [51,52]. And (2) It is also of fundamental importance to investigate general two-phase flows in carbon papers.…”

Section: Initial and Boundary Conditions (A) Two-phase Vof Modelmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Two-phase flow and oxygen transport in the perforated gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Niu

Bao

et al. 2019

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Liquid water transport in perforated gas diffusion layers (GDLs) is numerically investigated using a threedimensional (3D) two-phase volume of fluid (VOF) model and a stochastic reconstruction model of GDL microstructures. Different perforation depths and diameters are investigated, in comparison with the GDL without perforation. It is found that perforation can considerably reduce the liquid water level inside a GDL. The perforation diameter (D = 100 lm) and the depth (H = 100 lm) show pronounced effect. In addition, two different perforation locations, i.e. the GDL center and the liquid water breakthrough point, are investigated. Results show that the latter perforation location works more efficiently. Moreover, the perforation perimeter wettability is studied, and it is found that a hydrophilic region around the perforation further reduces the water saturation. Finally, the oxygen transport in the partially-saturated GDL is studied using an oxygen diffusion model. Results indicate that perforation reduces the oxygen diffusion resistance in GDLs and improves the oxygen concentration at the GDL bottom up to 101% (D = 100 lm and H = 100 lm).

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Section: Initial and Boundary Conditions (A) Two-phase Vof Modelmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have great potential to offer power sources for the automotive vehicles owing to their distinct merits such as high energy conversion efficiency, quick start-up capability and so on [1,2]. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is vital in the water management of PEMFCs [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-phase flow and oxygen transport in the perforated gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Niu

Bao

et al. 2019

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…With the ever-increasing environmental consciousness, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is now considered one of the most promising solutions to future automotive and portable applications due to its high-power density, quick start-up, and zero emissions [1,2]. With the rapid development of material and manufacture technology, the commercialization process of PEMFC vehicles has been largely promoted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Flow in Porous Electrodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Jiao

2020

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Water management in porous electrodes bears significance due to its strong potential in determining the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In terms of porous electrodes, internal water distribution and removal process have extensively attracted attention in both experimental and numerical studies. However, the structural difference among the catalyst layer (CL), microporous layer (MPL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL) leads to significant challenges in studying the two-phase flow behavior. Given the different porosities and pore scales of the CL, MPL, and GDL, the model scales in simulating each component are inconsistent. This review emphasizes the numerical simulation related to porous electrodes in the water transport process and evaluates the effectiveness and weakness of the conventional methods used during the investigation. The limitations of existing models include the following: (i) The reconstruction of geometric models is difficult to achieve when using the real characteristics of the components; (ii) the computational domain size is limited due to massive computational loads in three-dimensional (3D) simulations; (iii) numerical associations among 3D models are lacking because of the separate studies for each component; (iv) the effects of vapor condensation and heat transfer on the two-phase flow are disregarded; (v) compressive deformation during assembly and vibration in road conditions should be considered in two-phase flow studies given the real operating conditions. Therefore, this review is aimed at critical research gaps which need further investigation. Insightful potential research directions are also suggested for future improvements.

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“…Despite the great efforts which have been made toward the commercialization of PEFC, there are still some major challenges remain to be overcome , . An effective start‐up from subfreezing environment is one of these barriers . When a PEFC operates at a subzero temperature, if the produced water from the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cannot be timely removed, the accumulated water in the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer turns to ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formed ice will limit the reactants transport in the catalyst layer/gas diffusion layer and reduce the electrochemical active area (ECA), which leads to the drop of cell voltage, or even shut‐down of the cell if the ice formation reaches a threshold value . Thus, better cold start performance of a PEFC becomes a significant factor for its commercialization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Clamping Pressure on Cold Start Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

et al. 2019

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Understanding the cold start process of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is crucial to the development of an advanced PEFC of good cold start performance or to the design of advanced cold start strategies. In this study, a three‐dimensional cold start model has been adapted and further developed to numerically investigate the cold start behavior under the applied clamping pressure, which was not considered in previous cold start modeling and simulation work. The PEFC cold start performance is studied under various assembly pressures in terms of polarization curves, ice formation, water content profile, and current density distribution, etc. The results indicate that, using a large clamping pressure leads to a significant decline on the cold start performance; therefore, using an optimum clamping pressure is important to obtain a better cold start performance. It is found that increasing the clamping pressure not only increases the ice accumulation in cathode catalyst layer, but also causes the dehydration of membrane and decreases the cold start performance. The proposed model can be used as a powerful tool to study the realistic cold start performance of PEFC and to assist the development of more advanced PEFC cold start strategies.

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Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 231 publications

References 183 publications

Two-phase flow and oxygen transport in the perforated gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Two-phase flow and oxygen transport in the perforated gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Two-Phase Flow in Porous Electrodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Effects of Clamping Pressure on Cold Start Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

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