Cold shock and adaptation

Abstract

Adaptation to environmental stresses, such as temperature fluctuation, is essential for the survival of all living organisms. Cellular responses in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to high temperature include the synthesis of a set of highly conserved proteins known as the heat shock proteins. In contrast to the heat shock response, adaptation to low temperatures has not been as extensively studied. However, a family of cold-inducible proteins is evident in prokaryotes. In addition, most organisms have developed adaptive mechanisms that alter both membrane fluidity and the protein translation machinery at low temperature. This review addresses the different adaptive mechanisms used by a variety of organisms with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation that have recently been identified during the cold shock response in Escherichia coli.

Transcriptional response of the model planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica SH1T to changing environmental conditions

“…This coincides nicely with the induction of the ribosomal proteins at 300 min under cold shock conditions. Recovery and ongoing adaptation of R. baltica was further supported by the up-regulation of the ribosomal-binding factor rbfA (RB5503), which is, aside from csdA , required for optimal growth at low temperatures [56]. …”

Inflammasome-Mediated Disease Animal Models Reveal Roles for Innate but Not Adaptive Immunity

“…Mechanisms proposed for other cold sensitive phenotypes are temperature induced macromolecular changes that affect protein function or intramolecular interactions (Pain, 1987), or membrane alterations affecting fluidity (Pain, 1987; Thieringer et al, 1998). It is also possible that cold temperatures could affect the expression or stability of inflammasome components.…”

Phosphoethanolamine in brain of the euritherm lake fish Perccottus glehni (Eleotridae, Perciformes, Dyb. 1877) as a phenomenon depending on temperature factor

“…An increase in PEA and serine concentrations probably reflects the changes occurring in the phospholipid component of cell membranes under low temperatures. As already mentioned, cold shock modifies first of all the fatty acid composition in membrane lipids [2][3][4]. These changes, directed to a decrease in viscosity of cell membrane, might be conditionally named "emergency".…”

“…Adaptation has appeared simultaneously with the origin of life, and its possibilities have been improved and developed in the course of evolution [1]. Biochemical response to stress is one of the types of adaptation, and a sudden impact on an organism of the temperatures close to lethal is one of the stress forms [2,3]. At present, there have been intensively investigated different types of development of stress response to low temperatures, such KARANOVA The responses of FA to low-temperature impacts in brain of ectothermic vertebrates are virtually not studied in spite of that brain of these animals is a quite interesting object for such investigation, since it combines homology and specificity of biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of ectotherms and homoiotherms to stress.…”