Cold Resistance of Three Species of Lespedeza Compared to that of Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Crown Vetch<sup>1</sup>

Tysdal, H. M.; Pieters, A. J.

doi:10.2134/agronj1934.00021962002600110005x

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The difference in survival was more in 1932 because the freezing temperature was much lower than that in 1934. Our results corroborated those reported by both Tisdal and Pieters (1934) and Peltiers and Tisdal (1932).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Tisdal and Pieters (1934) reported that prehardening of alfalfa seedlings increased percent survival from 0 to 60% when frozen at −4.1°C. However, prehardening increased seedling survival of alfalfa from 0 to 93% over unhardened seedlings when frozen at −13.6°C (Peltier and Tisdal, 1932).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calder et al (1965) reported that legume seedlings were very susceptible to freezing temperature in the vegetative stage (up to 48 d after seeding) compared with later stages. However, Peltier and Tisdal (1932) and Tisdal and Pieters (1934) reported that seedlings 2 wk or more after emergence were more tolerant to low temperature. None of these investigators reported a uniform survival rate of the seedlings at a particular temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peltier and Tisdal (1932) reported that survival percent for 35‐d‐old alfalfa seedlings submitted to −13.6°C temperature increased from 0 to 93% when the hardening period increased from 4 to 14 d. However, 9‐ to 14‐d‐old alfalfa and red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) seedlings had 100% survival at −4.1°C temperature when hardened compared with 39 and 30% survival, respectively, without hardening (Tisdal and Pieters, 1934).…”

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Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Badaruddin

Meyer

2001

Crop Science

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temperature makes it more difficult to decide how much damage occurs from low temperature alone. Factors Variability in seedling death of legumes because of spring frost in such as crop species, growth stage, duration of freezing the USA and Canada is associated with several factors. Experiments were conducted to evaluate factors that modify frost tolerance of temperature, soil moisture, soil type, hardening, freezseedling legumes. Experiment 1 was comprised of two hardenings, ing and thawing sequences, occurrence of pathogens, three freezing temperatures, eight legume species, and four growth and insect pests contribute to a highly complex pattern stages. Experiment 2 had three temperatures, four durations of temthat determines frost tolerance of a particular species perature, and four legume species. Experiment 3 included three soil (Brandsaeter et al., 2000). Hume and Jackson (1981) types, two soil water levels, and two legume species. At each growth evaluated 30 genotypes of soybean from different sources stage, legume seedlings were placed in a programmable freezing chamand maturity groups at Ϫ2, Ϫ2.5, and Ϫ3ЊC at the cotyleber at 3؇C and temperature decreased/increased 1؇C h Ϫ1 to and from don, unifoliolate, and first trifoliolate leaf stages in New a minimum freezing temperature. Duration of minimum freezing tem-Zealand. They found that most death occurred at Ϫ3ЊC perature was 1 h for Experiments 1 and 3 and varied according to when grown in 25/19ЊC (day/night) temperature comthe treatment in Experiment 2. Hardening increased seedling survival up to 40% over unhardened seedlings across growth stages and species. pared with those at 15/9 and 20/14ЊC. This indicated Forage legumes were more frost tolerant than soybean [Glycine max that exposure to low temperature before freezing in-(L.) Merr.] and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) at all temperatures. creased the freezing tolerance of soybean seedlings. Cal-Increase in duration of freezing temperature decreased the frost tolerder et al. (1965) studied both greenhouse and fieldance of all species when freezing temperature was near the LT 50grown alfalfa seedlings. They hardened seedlings at 2ЊC (temperature that kills 50% of seedlings). Seedling survival of both for 48 h and found that unhardened alfalfa was killed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and soybean was greater in light-textured at Ϫ4.5ЊC and hardened alfalfa survived. However, at soil than the heavy-textured soil with soil water at field capacity. Ϫ3.5ЊC both hardened and unhardened plants survivedHowever, one-third of field capacity soil water allowed greater seedand hardened plants grew an average of 50 mm more ling survival in the heavy-textured than the light-textured soil. The than unhardened alfalfa during the 2 wk of recovery. results suggest that the factors studied should be considered to assess the frost tolerance of legume seedlings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Badaruddin

Meyer

2001

Crop Science

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“…Germination of alfalfa, one of the most cold resistant forage legume species, can occur at 0 to 1°C (Arakeri and Schmid, 1949; Tysdal and Pieters, 1931; Coffman, 1923), but germination rate and percentage is optimum between 15 and 25°C, as determined on the basis of an evaluation of two intermediate dormancy alfalfa cultivars (Brar et al, 1991). Variation among cultivars for germination time (GT) and root growth response has been reported across a temperature range of 5 to 30°C (Klos, 1999).…”

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Response of Six Alfalfa Populations to Selection under Laboratory Conditions for Germination and Seedling Vigor at Low Temperatures

Klos

Brummer

2000

Crop Science

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeded in early spring often germinates and emerges under cold temperatures. We conducted this study to determine if phenotypic recurrent selection improved germination time and seedling growth under cool temperatures in the laboratory. Four selection methods were conducted in the laboratory for two cycles within six commercial alfalfa cultivars: 5454, Alfagraze, Amerigraze 401+Z, Innovator +Z, Magnum IV, and WL252HQ ranging in fall dormancy class from two to four. Cycles 0, 1, and 2 were evaluated in controlled environmental chambers. Two cycles of selection for rapid germination at 5°C decreased germination time (GT) by 29%. Response to selection was greatest in the first cycle. Two cycles of selection for high seedling vigor increased seedling height (SH) after 45 d at 10°C by 15%. In some cultivars, selection for high seedling vigor was effective at increasing SH in the laboratory and further increases may be expected. Selection for high seedling vigor increased GT, indicating an association between these traits under laboratory conditions. The mean realized heritability estimates were 0.49 for GT and 0.18 for SH. Selection for both early germination and high seedling vigor resulted in an average decrease in GT of 29% with no effect on SH after two cycles, but combined selection against both traits increased GT by 162% and decreased SH by 18%. Laboratory selection for decreased GT and increased SH under low temperatures can be successful, but the amount of improvement is population dependant.

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Carbon Metabolism in Forage Plants

Volenec

Nelson

2020

Forages

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Cold Resistance of Three Species of Lespedeza Compared to that of Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Crown Vetch¹

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Response of Six Alfalfa Populations to Selection under Laboratory Conditions for Germination and Seedling Vigor at Low Temperatures

Carbon Metabolism in Forage Plants

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Cold Resistance of Three Species of Lespedeza Compared to that of Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Crown Vetch1

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Factors Modifying Frost Tolerance of Legume Species

Response of Six Alfalfa Populations to Selection under Laboratory Conditions for Germination and Seedling Vigor at Low Temperatures

Carbon Metabolism in Forage Plants

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Cold Resistance of Three Species of Lespedeza Compared to that of Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Crown Vetch¹