Cold Provocation and Active Thermography in Medical Screening

Strzelecki, Michał; Strąkowska, M.; Strąkowski, R.; Kaszuba, Andrzej

doi:10.12921/cmst.2017.0000007

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Studies report that the rate of blood perfusion in healthy tissue is different from that presented by tissue with nodules, after cold stress. Undamaged tissue tries to recover faster to external agents than cancer tissue, which already has increased vascularization, but an analysis to assess such changes was not performed [ 15 , 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this technique, the region of interest (ROI) is exposed to thermal stress, and temperature changes are evaluated over time [ 13 , 20 ]. In dynamic thermography, the exam is more reliable and less dependent on external agents, which is a relevant factor for the production of important physiological information regarding the region of interest [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermography as an aid for the complementary diagnosis of nodules in the thyroid gland

et al. 2022

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Background Considering the estimate that thyroid cancer will become the fourth most prevalent type of tumor, improving its diagnosis is a necessity. The gold standard for evaluating thyroid nodules is ultrasound followed by biopsy. These tests, however, have limitations, especially in nodules smaller than 0.5 cm. Dynamic infrared thermography is an imaging method that does not require ionizing radiation or contrast injection. The aim of the study was to analyze the thermal behavior of thyroid nodules through infrared thermography using the cold stress protocol. Results The Wilcoxon test showed thermal differences between groups (control and healthy, p < 0.001). The difference in the thermal behavior of the nodular tissues was evidenced by the longitudinal analysis. When comparing the nodules, it was possible to verify that the beginnings of tissue heating is significant (p = 0.001). In addition, the variability analysis showed a “well” effect, which occurred in period t-1 (pre-cooling time) to period t = 3 (time three minutes). Benign nodules had a variation ratio of 1.81 compared to malignant nodules. Conclusion Benign nodules present a different thermal behavior than malignant nodules, and both present different behavior than normal tissue. For the analysis of nodules, the protocol used with cold stress, dynamic thermography and the inclusion of time t-1 were essential for the differentiation of nodules in the thyroid gland. Therefore, we recommend the continuance of these parameters for future studies. Methods Thirty-three individuals with nodules in the thyroid region and nine healthy individuals participated in this descriptive exploratory study. In total, 42 nodules were evaluated, 11 malignant and 31 benign. The region of interest was exposed to cold stress for 30 s. First, the image was captured before the cold stress and subsequently, the images were assessed every 30 s, over a 10-min time period after cold stress. The perfusion and the thermal behavior of the tissues were evaluated by longitudinal analysis based on the number of pixels in each time period. The statistical tests of Wilcoxon, F-Snedecor and longitudinal models would assist in data analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermography as an aid for the complementary diagnosis of nodules in the thyroid gland

et al. 2022

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“…These requirements may become impractical and research on alternative tests is on demand. Conductive cold provocation has been used in research [9] but not in the foot. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the TSk dynamics after a conductive cold provocation test in the feet of diabetic patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of plantar foot temperature after conductive cold provocation in diabetic patients and healthy controls

Seixas¹,

Azevedo²,

Ammer³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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“…Also, in Raynaud's phenomenon, infrared thermography was widely used to define potential endpoints in therapeutic trials [18]. In rheumatologic diseases, thermography with a cold provocation was applied [19][20][21]; this can be reasonable because inflamed tissue woven reacts differently to a thermal stimulus due to increased synovial vascularization of the joints affected by this disease [22][23][24]. Despite the fact that the cold provocation was applied in many applications and a wide range of variation of this procedure has been published, elaboration procedures related to the cold challenge test applied for rheumatoid arthritis patients is the first necessary step in defining standard procedures in those group of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of inflammation from finger temperature profile in rheumatoid arthritis

Pauk

Ihnatouski

Wasilewska

2019

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory tissue disease that leads to cartilage, bone, and periarticular tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of infrared thermography and measurement of temperature profiles along the hand fingers could detect the inflammation and improve the diagnostic accuracy of the cold provocation test (0°C for 5 s) and rewarming test (23°C for180 s) in RA patients. Thirty RA patients (mean age = 49.5 years, standard deviation = 13.0 years) and 22 controls (mean age = 49.8 years, standard deviation = 7.5 years) were studied. Outcomes were the minimal and maximal: baseline temperature (T1), the temperature post-cooling (T2), the temperature post-rewarming (T3), and the Tmax-Tmin along the axis of each finger. The statistical significance was observed for the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger postcooling and post-rewarming. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to distinguish between the two groups revealed that for the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger, the area under the ROC curve was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) post-cooling. The cold provocation test used in this study discriminates between RA patients and controls and detects an inflammation in RA patients by the measurement of temperature profiles along the fingers using an infrared camera.

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Cold Provocation and Active Thermography in Medical Screening

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Thermography as an aid for the complementary diagnosis of nodules in the thyroid gland

Thermography as an aid for the complementary diagnosis of nodules in the thyroid gland

Dynamics of plantar foot temperature after conductive cold provocation in diabetic patients and healthy controls

Detection of inflammation from finger temperature profile in rheumatoid arthritis

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