Cold Model Study of Characteristics in LD Converter with Bottom Blowing

Kai, Tsuyoshi; Okohira, Kazuo; Higuchi, Mitsuo; Hirai, Masazumi

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.69.2_228

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Other formulas independent from the nozzle factors must be applied (Kai et al [6] , Koria & Lange [7] , Maia et al [8][9][10] , Alam et al [13] , Meidani et al [14] ) The formulas independent from nozzles are able to be included and represent better the blow conditions For future work, the challenge will be collect these important blow process parameters and with an unique equation able to provide a standard blow profile for all sizes of converter, hot metal variations and additions. In a first stage will be included the concept of Gas Hold Up into bottom stiring conditions and effects of bath level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Masazumi [2] (LD-OB patent) for the first time shown consequence of different penetration indexes on the blowing behavior, like defined at table II. Formulas calculated in this comparison are published by Flinn et al [3] , Chatterjee [4] , Ishikawa and Segawa [5] , Masazumi [2] , Kai et al [6] , Koria & Lange [7] and Maia et al [8][9][10] , Szekely & Themelis [11] , Chukwulebe, Balajee et al [12] , Alam et al [13] , Meidani et al [14] . The figure 2 shows the results of various formulas compared to the formula of Kai et al [6] by Penetration Index %.…”

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The figure 2 shows the results of various formulas compared to the formula of Kai et al [6] by Penetration Index %. [20] -the cavity depth divided by Kai et al [6] cavity depth reference. The formulas were calculated based on the lance design, vessel design, blowing pattern of the same 300t converter LD-OB or BOF.…”

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All equations did show good linear correlation. The reference line used was Kai et al [6] work. For these equations, curves were extrapolated to cover all ranges In the Szekely equation, lance distance was used to project area from divergent angle from nozzles and index penetration results did not reflect appropriately over jet penetration, looking like constant.…”

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Various Cavity Depth or Jet Penetration Index Formulae for Blowing in a Bof With Bottom Stirring

Maia¹,

Tavares²,

Balajee³

et al. 2018

ABM Proceedings

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Several equations are developed over the years to calculate the penetration depth L of the Oxygen jet generated by the blowing lance for BOF/LD converters and similar processes. The penetration depth L for a given lance tip is primarily impacted by the lance height (gap), the oxygen flow rate and the resulting Oxygen jet momentum. Considering a dimensionless parameter L/Lo, where Lo is the liquid steel bath height, this paper will critically review both the theoretical and practical aspects of these depths of penetration equations, and recommend the most feasible equation(s) to determine the lance gap to use during the oxygen blow. This paper reviews how to translate the L/L0 in comparison with authors and yours considerations about nozzles parameters with respect to lance stirring, bottom stirring and slag layer patterns.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Math Model and Industry Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of the Various Cavity Depth or Jet Penetration Index Formulae for Blowing in a Bof With Bottom Stirring

Maia¹,

Tavares²,

Balajee³

et al. 2018

ABM Proceedings

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“…The authors wish to thank the German Research Association (DFG) for providing the financial help to carry out this investigation. The regression lines (8) and (9) are different from each other as tested by F-distribution. Increasing the modified Froude number characterizes a hardening of the blow, resulting in better mixing conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing‐time correlation in top gas stirred melts

Koria

Lange

1984

Steel Research Intl

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Effect of top and bottom blowing conditions on spitting in converter

Amano

Sato²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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The effect of top blowing and bottom blowing conditions on spitting behavior was investigated by water model experiments and numerical calculation. The results of the water model experiment showed that reducing the jet velocity by using a larger nozzle diameter was effective for reducing spitting. The numerical calculation indicated that interference between the top blown gas jet and the bottom blowing plume increases the gas velocity at the rim of the cavity, causing heavier spitting. A new index using the geometrical locations of the neighboring cavity and plume was proposed. The spitting rate decreased under conditions with lower interference by avoiding interaction between the top blown gas jet and the bottom blowing plume. The energy distribution in the blowing process was discussed based on a water model experiment using bath mixing time, bath vibration, and the spitting rate. The energy for spitting was explained convincingly by the difference between the energy input and the energy of bath vibration, cavity formation, and bath mixing. The results implied lower interference of the top and bottom gas resulted in lower energy for spitting generation.

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Cold Model Study of Characteristics in LD Converter with Bottom Blowing

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of the Various Cavity Depth or Jet Penetration Index Formulae for Blowing in a Bof With Bottom Stirring

Comparison of the Various Cavity Depth or Jet Penetration Index Formulae for Blowing in a Bof With Bottom Stirring

Mixing‐time correlation in top gas stirred melts

Effect of top and bottom blowing conditions on spitting in converter

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