Cold-Induced Perturbation of Cutaneous Blood Flow in the Rat Tail: A Model of Nonfreezing Cold Injury

Nonfreezing Cold-Induced Injuries

“…Thomas et al developed a rat model of NFCI by immersing the tail in 1°C water for 6-9 hours and characterized the loss of cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD), a prolonged decrease in tail blood flow, followed by an increase in blood flow above baseline. This pattern is similar to that clinically-observed in humans during the pre-hyperaemic phase followed by the hyperaemic phase [47]. Also, the absence of CIVD with prolonged cold exposure is a prominent and consistent finding of NFCI in humans.…”

Neural influence on cold induced vasodilatation using a new set-up for bilateral measurement in the rat hind limb

“…By using this new measurement set-up, we were able to obtain results showing different CIVD responses in both limbs. Other studies concerning CIVD responses in a rat mostly use setups to show unilateral responses or responses in the tail (Brown and Baust, 1980;Hellstrom, 1975;Thomas et al, 1994), whereas this study now facilitates investigating the mechanism behind the CIVD response; the ability to inflict unilateral nerve damage creates the opportunity to show nerve influence on CIVD, and as results between subjects differ, the contra lateral limb can be used as a control. Furthermore, since paw CIVD was measured instead of tail CIVD after the inflicted nerve damage, we are more likely to see similarities between the responses of the rat's extremity and the responses of a human extremity because of comparable anatomy.…”

“…To be able to study the effect of nerve damage on the CIVD reaction a within subject design study was chosen. Whereas most papers describe a method for unilateral paw or tail cooling (Brown and Baust, 1980;Hellon and Taylor, 1982;Hellstrom, 1975;Owens et al, 2002;Thomas et al, 1994), the measurement set-up developed for this paper is able to trigger a CIVD reaction in both hind paws simultaneously. Therefore a comparison between hind paws with and without nerve damage within the same subject can be obtained, eliminating factors influencing the CIVD reaction that change in time, for instance ambient temperatures.…”

Determination of Microcirculatory Changes and Angiogenesis in a Model of Frostbite Injury In Vivo

“…Currently used in vivo frostbite models act via physical contact to the cold device, which makes it impossible to distinguish between contact trauma and thermal injury [8,9,12,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This presents a major drawback for studies on frostbite injuries.…”