Cold-induced neurogenic vasodilatation in skin of the giant fulmar Macronectes giganteus

Johansen, Kristina; Millard, R I

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.227.6.1232

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We observed no dilator effect of isoprenaline in doses as high as 1.2 ytmol, suggesting the absence of appreciable numbers of ,B-adrenoceptors in the foot. This is in agreement with observations made by Johansen & Millard (1974) and McGregor (1979), although Bolton & Bowman (1969) described a weak dilator effect of isoprenaline at high doses. In view of the paucity of P-adrenoceptors, the dilatation produced by dopamine must be due to an action on specific dopamine receptors.…”

Section: Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is known that both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator nerves innervate the vasculature of the feet in a number of avian species: chicken (McGregor, 1979;Hillman et al, 1982), duck (McGregor, 1979) and giant petrel (Johansen & Millard, 1974;Murrish & Guard, 1977). The basis therefore exists for increasing thermoregulatory blood flow through the feet by active vasodilatation as well as by reducing vasoconstrictor neural tone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological investigations of the vasodilator nerves supplying the duck's foot

Bell¹,

Rome²

1984

British J Pharmacology

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Section: Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological investigations of the vasodilator nerves supplying the duck's foot

Bell¹,

Rome²

1984

British J Pharmacology

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“…The present findings suggest indirectly that AVAs may be present in the anterior areas of the featherless abdominal skin of pigeons as well. We found that topical application of the vehicle gel, which had a cooling effect at the site of application, resulted in a specific dilatory response over the abdominal skin that was similar to the AVA-mediated CIVD reaction to cold observed in birds (Johansen and Millard, 1974;Midtgård et al, 1985).…”

Section: Aspects Of Basic Skin Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Depending on the species, acclimation state and skin site, several mechanisms may lie behind CIVD. It has been suggested that cholinergic, β-adrenergic and purinergic nerves may be involved in the control of CIVD in birds (Johansen and Millard, 1974;Murrish and Guard, 1977;Hillman et al, 1982), and Midtgård (1988) has suggested that the VIP-immunoreactive fibres may be mediators of CIVD, in view of their abundance in the AVAs of the brood patch in the chicken. The proposed mechanisms in humans are axon reflex via peripheral pain fibres and the release of vasodilator substances (Lewis, 1930;Daanen and Ducharme, 2000), CNS involvement (Werner, 1977;Kunimoto, 1987) and sympathetic activation to modulate the dilatory response (Sendowski et al, 2000).…”

Section: Cold-induced Vasodilatation Over the Non-brood Patch Abdominmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local action of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the skin blood flow of rock pigeons (Columba livia) is affected by acclimation and skin site

Peltonen

Pyörnilä

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY We studied the blood flow over dorsal and abdominal, non-brooding patch skin of two groups of pigeons: one group was thermally acclimated to cold(winter-acclimatized, WAC) while the other group was acclimated to a mesic environment (thermally non-challenged, NOC). Two bilateral patches at the measurement sites were treated simultaneously with a gel containing sodium nitrate and ascorbic acid, to generate nitric oxide (NO), and a vehicle gel. Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Changes induced by these treatments were calculated against basic blood flow values for the corresponding patch. The results showed that the basic blood flow over the abdominal skin patches at room temperature was higher than over the dorsal skin in both acclimation states, but comparison revealed a sustainably higher level of basic skin blood flow in the WAC pigeons. The local response to exogenous NO was non-uniform over the two skin areas measured, and a specific vasodilatory action on the abdominal microvessels was recorded in the NOC pigeons. Abdominal vasodilatation in the WAC pigeons seemed to involve other mechanisms as well as local NO-dependent ones, among which the role of cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) is discussed here. Interestingly, the dorsal skin seemed to be less responsive to the action of NO, irrespective of the acclimation state. Our results show that acclimation state and skin site affect the action of exogenous NO on local skin blood flow, and we suggest that the differences reflect acclimation-induced changes in the vascularity of the skin and in its sensitivity to thermal stimuli and that the roles of the abdominal and dorsal skin are different with respect to environmental changes.

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“…This process, 'cold induced vasodilation', injects corresponding pulses of cold blood into the body core. Each cold pulse triggers an immediate rise in MR, which persists for some time after core temperature has been restored to T b , thus delivering more heat than required (Johansen and Millard, 1974;Murrish and Guard, 1974;Østnes and Bech, 1998) and offering an explanation for the observed overcompensation.…”

Section: Metabolic Responses To Cold Mealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of food temperature on postprandial metabolism in albatrosses

Battam

Chappell

Buttemer

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYHeat generated by the specific dynamic action (SDA) associated with feeding is known to substitute for the thermoregulatory costs of cold-exposed endotherms; however, the effectiveness of this depends on food temperature. When food is cooler than core body temperature, it is warmed by body heat and, consequently, imposes a thermoregulatory challenge to the animal. The degree to which this cost might be ʻpaidʼ by SDA depends on the relative timing of food heating and the SDA response. We investigated this phenomenon in two genera of endotherms, Diomedea and Thalassarche albatrosses, by measuring postprandial metabolic rate following ingestion of food at body temperature (40°C) and cooler (0 and 20°C). This permitted us to estimate potential contributions to food warming by SDA-derived heat, and to observe the effect of cold food on metabolic rate. For meal sizes that were ~20% of body mass, SDA was 4.22±0.37% of assimilated food energy, and potentially contributed 17.9±1.0% and 13.2±2.2% of the required heating energy of food at 0°C for Diomedea and Thalassarche albatrosses, respectively, and proportionately greater quantities at higher food temperatures. Cold food increased the rate at which postprandial metabolic rate increased to 3.2-4.5 times that associated with food ingested at body temperature. We also found that albatrosses generated heat in excess by more than 50% of the estimated thermostatic heating demand of cold food, a probable consequence of time delays in physiological responses to afferent signals.

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Cold-induced neurogenic vasodilatation in skin of the giant fulmar Macronectes giganteus

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacological investigations of the vasodilator nerves supplying the duck's foot

Pharmacological investigations of the vasodilator nerves supplying the duck's foot

Local action of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the skin blood flow of rock pigeons (Columba livia) is affected by acclimation and skin site

The effect of food temperature on postprandial metabolism in albatrosses

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