Cold extraction of phenolic compounds from watercress by high hydrostatic pressure: Process modelling and optimization

Abstract

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was applied to the extraction of phenolic compounds from watercress (Nasturtium officinale). The process was optimized by response surface methodology using a five-level central composite design combining the independent variables of processing time (t, 1.5-33.5 min), pressure (P, 0.1-600 MPa) and solvent (S, 0-100% of ethanol, v/v). The individual and grouped phenolic compounds, analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and the extraction yield were used as response variables. The theoretical models were fitted to the experimental data, statistically validated, and used in the prediction and optimization steps. The optimal HHP conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds were: t = 3.1 min, P = 600 MPa and S = 100%, and originated 64.68 ± 2.97 mg/g of extract. This study highlighted the HHP as a promising technology to cold extract phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) from watercress in a selective way using a green solvent and reduced extraction times.

A Mechanistic Model of Mass Transfer in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Intact Sorghum Pericarp

“…In this part, we present the model's validation while using experimental data. This form of validation can also produce the values of unknown parameters (De, H, and kc); an example is Adnadjevic et al [15]. An experimental extraction was performed while using 178 grains of red sorghum with a radius of 0.19 cm, a pericarp thickness of 0.01 cm, an initial concentration of 0.1263 g Pequivalent/cm 3 pericarp, and a free solvent volume of 45 mL.…”

“…In the research that was conducted by Pinela et al [15] and Pace et al [30], the mathematical model was also evaluated in terms of its response to various parameters and variables. In this study, The simulations also predicted the P concentration in the aqueous extract.…”

“…In the research that was conducted by Pinela et al [15] and Pace et al [30], the mathematical model was also evaluated in terms of its response to various parameters and variables. In this study, a sensitivity test was conducted by decreasing or increasing the value of each variable by one and comparing the solutions [43].…”

“…In previous studies [12][13][14], the extraction methods were designed with the aim of developing technology for the food and pharmaceutical industries, i.e., technology for the isolation, identification, quantitative analysis, and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the compounds of interest. Furthermore, some studies focused on designing new methods of extraction that were safe, cheap, efficient, and effective in producing extracts in a high quantity and of high quality [4,8,[15][16][17][18][19]. Several techniques were developed to obtain standard extraction procedures to be applied for the extraction of functional compounds to meet the needs of the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries [1,9,[20][21][22].…”

Valorization of hazelnut shells into natural antioxidants by ultrasound‐assisted extraction: Process optimization and phenolic composition identification

“…Recently, an increasing demand, from food and chemical industries, for more efficient and economical extraction processes has emerged. In response to this growing need, various novel extraction techniques have been developed for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plant materials, such as ultrasound‐assisted extraction (Roselló‐Soto et al, ; Živković, Šavikin, Janković, Ćujić, & Menković, ), microwave‐assisted extraction (Odabaş & Koca, ), supercritical fluid extraction (Solana, Mirofci, & Bertucco, ), high hydrostatic pressure extraction (Pinela et al, ), pulsed electric field extraction (Barba, Grimi, & Vorobiev, ), and high voltage electrical discharges extraction (Boussetta, Vorobiev, Le, Cordin‐Falcimaigne, & Lanoisellé, ). Among these, ultrasound‐assisted extraction has been investigated widely for extracting phenolics and other bioactive compounds from different sources (Ameer, Shahbaz, & Kwon, ).…”