Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biology of Antarctic Bryozoans

Winston, Judith E.

doi:10.5479/si.097884601x.15

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Stable environments, such as Antarctic environment, seem to be favorable to the evolution of complex systems of polymorphism in cheilostome bryozoans (Venit 2007). The presence of spherical avicularia may indicate that this unusual form has adaptive value in this area (Winston 2009). Several observations have demonstrated the ability of certain avicularia to capture small organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia

Figuerola¹,

Ballesteros²,

Ávila³

2012

Acta Zoologica

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Figuerola, B., Ballesteros, M. and Avila, C. 2013. Description of a new species of Reteporella (Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 94: 66–73. A new species of cheilostome bryozoan, Reteporella rosjoarum sp. n., belonging to the family of Phidoloporidae is described from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and illustrated with binocular microscope and SEM micrographs. SEM has been used to observe the essential characters to describe the new species and to compare it to similar species. Three samples from three different stations were collected at 332–597 m depth during the ANT XXI/2 cruise of the R/V Polarstern (AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany) using a bottom trawl. The new species is characterized by the presence of giant vicarious spherical avicularia. The distinctive morphology of these avicularia discriminates this species from Antarctica congeners. The variability in avicularian morphometrics demonstrates that intraspecific variation between localities (Austasen and Drescher Inlet) may exist. It is also interesting to relate the morphology of the avicularia with the possible functions in Cheilostomata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1992; Barnes et al. 2006; Winston 2009). Global climate change may lead to range contraction in many species, and documentation of new taxa and their distribution is important to determine future impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia

Figuerola¹,

Ballesteros²,

Ávila³

2012

Acta Zoologica

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2020

Bryozoan Paleobiology

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Feeding repellence in Antarctic bryozoans

Figuerola

Núñez-Pons

Moles

et al. 2013

Naturwissenschaften

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The Antarctic sea star Odontaster validus and the amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus are important predators in benthic communities. Some bryozoans are part of the diet of the asteroid and represent both potential host biosubstrata and prey for this omnivorous lysianassid amphipod. In response to such ecological pressure, bryozoans are expected to develop strategies to deter potential predators, ranging from physical to chemical mechanisms. However, the chemical ecology of Antarctic bryozoans has been scarcely studied. In this study we evaluated the presence of defenses against predation in selected species of Antarctic bryozoans. The sympatric omnivorous consumers O. validus and C. femoratus were selected to perform feeding assays with 16 ether extracts (EE) and 16 butanol extracts (BE) obtained from 16 samples that belonged to 13 different bryozoan species. Most species (9) were active (12 EE and 1 BE) in sea star bioassays. Only 1 BE displayed repellence, indicating that repellents against the sea star are mainly lipophilic. Repellence toward C. femoratus was found in all species in different extracts (10 EE and 12 BE), suggesting that defenses against the amphipod might be both lipophilic and hydrophilic. Interspecific and intraspecific variability of bioactivity was occasionally detected, suggesting possible environmental inductive responses, symbiotic associations, and/or genetic variability. Multivariate analysis revealed similarities among species in relation to bioactivities of EE and/or BE. These findings support the hypothesis that, while in some cases alternative chemical or physical mechanisms may also provide protection, repellent compounds play an important role in Antarctic bryozoans as defenses against predators.

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Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biology of Antarctic Bryozoans

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia

Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia

References

Feeding repellence in Antarctic bryozoans

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