Cold and warm coloured classrooms. Effects on students’ attention and memory measured through psychological and neurophysiological responses

Llinares, Carmen; Higuera-Trujillo, Juan Luis; Serrá, Juan Antonio Monsoriu

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107726

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The research findings confirmed the effect on attention and memory (Llinares Millán et al. , 2021; Llinares et al. , 2021), working memory(Abbasi et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…, 2020) and wayfinding (Erkan, 2018) depending on various environmental variables. For example, there was an improvement in attention and memory in cold-colored classrooms (Llinares et al. , 2021) and with noise at low dB and air at low temperature (Abbasi et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2020), and VR to represent indoor environments (Llinares Millán et al. , 2021; Llinares et al. , 2021; Abbasi et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of neuroarchitecture for the experience of the built environment: a scoping review

Lee

Shin

Park

2022

ARCH

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PurposeNeuroarchitecture is a new interdisciplinary research field combining neuroscience and architecture that has developed and expanded since 2000. Neuroarchitecture originated from the divergence of previous multidisciplinary studies on the relationship between humans and the environment. However, scoping reviews of neuroarchitecture in relation to the experience of the built environment are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to provide the background and research trends of neuroarchitecture to contribute to discussions on the built environment.Design/methodology/approachA general form of scoping review was adopted, following the PRISMA-ScR checklist. For this scoping review emphasizing the embodied implication of neuroarchitecture for the built environment, an evaluation framework was developed consisting of four categories: health, performance, aesthetics and emotion.FindingsThis study explores objective techniques, including electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity and saliva cortisol, to measure neurophysiological impacts, adopting real, virtual and images of environmental settings. An in-depth review of 25 selected papers revealed the existing empirical research on neuroarchitecture using human physiological measurement tools and representational environment settings to examine the impact of human–environment relationships.Originality/valueA meta-analysis of theoretical and intervention studies on neuroarchitecture that investigates the multisensory characteristics of the environment is lacking. In addition, the development and application of wearable tools to meet the needs of real environment settings can improve the effectiveness of neurophysiological measurement tools.

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“…The research findings confirmed the effect on attention and memory (Llinares Millán et al. , 2021; Llinares et al. , 2021), working memory(Abbasi et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of neuroarchitecture for the experience of the built environment: a scoping review

Lee

Shin

Park

2022

ARCH

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“…Other studies have revealed the importance of the beta band in the attentional process and its deficits [61,62]. It has been shown that beta-band activity may serve as a carrier of attentional activation in multiple thalamic and cortical centres [63,64].…”

Section: Eeg Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise Effects on University Students’ Attention: An EEG Analysis Approach

et al. 2022

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Physically active breaks (AB) are currently being proposed as an interesting tool to improve students’ attention. Reviews and meta-analyses confirm their effect on attention, but also warned about the sparse evidence based on vigilance and university students. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to (a) determine the effects of AB in comparison with passive breaks on university students’ vigilance and (b) to validate an analysis model based on machine learning algorithms in conjunction with a multiparametric model based on electroencephalography (EEG) signal features. Through a counterbalanced within-subject experimental study, six university students (two female; mean age = 25.67, STD = 3.61) had their vigilance performances (i.e., response time in Psycho-Motor Vigilance Task) and EEG measured, before and after a lecture with an AB and another lecture with a passive break. A multiparametric model based on the spectral power, signal entropy and response time has been developed. Furthermore, this model, together with different machine learning algorithms, shows that for the taken signals there are significant differences after the AB lesson, implying an improvement in attention. These differences are most noticeable with the SVM with RBF kernel and ANNs with F1-score of 85% and 88%, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that students performed better on vigilance after the lecture with AB. Although limited, the evidence found could help researchers to be more accurate in their EEG analyses and lecturers and teachers to improve their students’ attentions in a proper way.

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“…An extensive review of the application of virtual reality in research of sensory and perceptual science suggests VR as a good alternative [31]. There are studies that validate its use to generate and analyse different configurations of colour [32] and geometry [33]. These control an adequate level of sensation of presence for the subject, known as the "perceptual illusion of nonmediation" [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Classroom Design on the Memory of University Students: From a Gender Perspective

Nolé

Higuera-Trujillo

Llinares

2021

IJERPH

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Classroom design has important effects on the cognitive functions of students. However, this relationship has rarely been analysed in terms of gender. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to analyse the influence of different design variables (classroom geometry, wall colour, and artificial lighting) on university students’ memories from a gender perspective. To do so, 100 university students performed a memory task while visualising different design configurations using a virtual reality setup. Key results show that certain parameters, such as 5.23 m classroom width, 10,500 Kelvin lighting colour temperature, or the blue hue on the walls influence men and women in a similar way, while a purple hue or walls with low colour saturation can generate significantly different behaviour, especially in cognitive processes such as short-term memory. In this study, the use of virtual reality proved to be a useful tool to explore the design effects of virtual learning environments, increasingly present due to training trends and catalysed by the 2020 pandemic. This is a turning point and an international novelty as it will enable the design of classrooms (both physical and virtual) that maximise the cognitive functions of learners, regardless of gender.

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Cold and warm coloured classrooms. Effects on students’ attention and memory measured through psychological and neurophysiological responses

Cited by 43 publications

References 67 publications

Implications of neuroarchitecture for the experience of the built environment: a scoping review

Implications of neuroarchitecture for the experience of the built environment: a scoping review

Physical Exercise Effects on University Students’ Attention: An EEG Analysis Approach

Effects of Classroom Design on the Memory of University Students: From a Gender Perspective

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