Cold and dry winter conditions are associated with greater SARS-CoV-2 transmission at regional level in western countries during the first epidemic wave

Landier, Jordi; Paireau, Juliette; Rebaudet, Stanislas; Legendre, Eva; Lehot, Laurent; Fontanet, Arnaud; Cauchemez, Simon; Gaudart, Jean

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91798-9

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Epidemiological investigation of environmental parameters has returned varied results [ 8 – 10 ]. Low temperature was found to be associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission in some cases [ 10 , 11 ] but not others [ 12 , 13 ]. Similarly, dry conditions were found to be favorable for SARS-CoV-2 spread in a subset of studies [ 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low temperature was found to be associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission in some cases [ 10 , 11 ] but not others [ 12 , 13 ]. Similarly, dry conditions were found to be favorable for SARS-CoV-2 spread in a subset of studies [ 11 , 14 ]. In general, detected effects of temperature and humidity on reproduction number or epidemic growth were dwarfed by those of active interventions such as restrictions on mass gatherings [ 13 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

et al. 2022

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Transmission efficiency is a critical factor determining the size of an outbreak of infectious disease. Indeed, the propensity of SARS-CoV-2 to transmit among humans precipitated and continues to sustain the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the number of new cases among contacts is highly variable and underlying reasons for wide-ranging transmission outcomes remain unclear. Here, we evaluated viral spread in golden Syrian hamsters to define the impact of temporal and environmental conditions on the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the air. Our data show that exposure periods as brief as one hour are sufficient to support robust transmission. However, the timing after infection is critical for transmission success, with the highest frequency of transmission to contacts occurring at times of peak viral load in the donor animals. Relative humidity and temperature had no detectable impact on transmission when exposures were carried out with optimal timing and high inoculation dose. However, contrary to expectation, trends observed with sub-optimal exposure timing and lower inoculation dose suggest improved transmission at high relative humidity or high temperature. In sum, among the conditions tested, our data reveal the timing of exposure to be the strongest determinant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission success and implicate viral load as an important driver of transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

et al. 2022

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“…Of note, extreme cold temperatures, which can be a repercussion of climate change, as discussed above, have been reported to be associated with high rates of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within populations [81]. It is thus anticipated that the obese population is more susceptible to such an infection.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Covid-19 On Obesity and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is thus anticipated that the obese population is more susceptible to such an infection. This will further aggravate the triple global crisis outcome [81]. Figure 1 provides a summary of both the direct and indirect interrelationships between the three global crises.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Covid-19 On Obesity and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change, Obesity, and COVID-19—Global Crises with Catastrophic Consequences. Is This the Future?

2021

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Climate change and obesity were considered threats to our planet long before the onset of COVID-19. The recent pandemic has enhanced the global burden of both pre-existing crises. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the interaction between the three concurrent crises and the future of our planet should they not be dealt with accordingly. A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was performed using different combinations of search strategies and using the keywords “obesity”, “climate/temperature change”, “cold/hot temperatures”, and “COVID-19”. High global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions link obesity and climate change as a result of the interplay between biological and behavioural factors. COVID-19 mitigation measures have indirectly impacted obesity and GHG emissions through the shift in dietary habits, restricted mobility, the impact on healthcare services, and enhanced psychological stress. Furthermore, COVID-19 has a more detrimental effect if acquired by an obese individual, with a higher chance of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. This leads to higher GHG emissions and negative repercussions on the climate. A tri-directional relationship exists between obesity, climate change, and COVID-19. Various factors contribute to this relationship, but unless urgent global integrated action plans are implemented that target all three calamities, and not just COVID-19, a devastating and unsustainable future may ensue.

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“…Temperature, humidity, and population density have been described over many centuries as important factors for spread of the infections (2). The first wave of covid-19 in winter 2020 showed evidence of a seasonal disease (3, 4). The third wave in 2022 in temperate regions of Europe and USA indicate that covid-19 behave as a seasonal virus (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of gene expression, seasonal influenza, and within-host seasonal immunity: transfer value to covid-19

Lund

Holden

Busund

et al. 2022

Preprint

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As a novel approach we will combine trajectories or longitudinal studies of gene expression with information on annual influenza epidemics. Seasonality of gene expression in immune cells from blood could be a consequence of within-host seasonal immunity interacting with the seasonal pandemics of influenza (flu) in temperate regions and, thus, with potential valuable analogy transfer to the proposed seasonal development of covid-19.Here we operationalized within-host immunity as genes with both a significant seasonal term and a significant flu term in the sine-cosine model. Information on gene expression was based on microarray using RNase buffered blood samples collected randomly from a population-based cohort of Norwegian middle-aged women in 2003-2006, The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. The unique discovery (N=425) and replication (N=432) design were based on identical sampling and preprocessing. Data on proportion of sick leaves due to flu, and the flu intensities per week was obtained from the National Institute of Public Health, giving a semi-ecological analysis.The discovery analysis found 2942 (48.1%) significant genes in a generalized seasonal model over four years. For 1051 within-host genes both the seasonal and the flu term were significant. These genes followed closely the flu intensities. The trajectories showed slightly more genes with a maximum in early winter than in late summer. Moving the flu intensity forward in time indicated a better fit 3-4 weeks before the observed influenza. In the replication analyses, 369 genes (35.1% of 1051) were significant. Exclusion of genes with unknown functions and with more than a season in difference reduced the number of genes in the discovery dataset to 305, illustrating the variability in the measurements and the problem in assessing weak biological relationships. Thus, we found for the first time a clear seasonality in gene expression with marked responses to the annual seasonal influenza in a unique discovery – replication design. Hypothetically, this could support the within-host seasonal immunity concept.

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Cold and dry winter conditions are associated with greater SARS-CoV-2 transmission at regional level in western countries during the first epidemic wave

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Climate Change, Obesity, and COVID-19—Global Crises with Catastrophic Consequences. Is This the Future?

Trajectories of gene expression, seasonal influenza, and within-host seasonal immunity: transfer value to covid-19

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