Colchicine‐induced heteroploidy in the mouse. I. The induction of triploidy by treatment of the gametes

Edwards, R. G.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401370206

Cited by 55 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand, the nondisjunction caused by postovulatory overripeness occurring during the second meiotic division (Witschi and Laguens, 1963) might be resulted from depolymerization of tubulin in the once normally established spindle of secondary oocytes. Therefore, the abnormal condition of microtubules in the experiments with secondary oocytes that were cited before (Edwards, 1954(Edwards, , 1958Piko and Bomsel-Helmreich, 1960;McGaughey and Chang, 1969) is much alike that following postovulatory aging, while that in the present experiment with primary oocytes is comparable with the situation occurring in the preovulatory aging oocytes. It is surmised that meiotic nondisjunction can be induced by chemical compounds similar to colchicine through their effect on tubulin polymerization.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…Prior to this, in vivo administration of colchicine has been found to suppress the second meiotic chromosomal segregation of oocytes, thereby inducing triploids in rodents (Edwards, 1954(Edwards, , 1958Piko and Bomsel-Helmreich, 1960;McGaughey and Chang, 1969). These studies suggested that aneuploids were also produced, but unfortunately, the chromosomal technique was not sufficiently developed yet to demonstrate with accuracy the genome mutagenicity of colchicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

Sugawara

Mikamo

1980

Jap J Human Genet

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SummaryIn vivo genome mutagenicity of colchicine in the primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster was analyzed at a selected dose that did not completely arrest the formation of the first meiotic spindle, but exhibited a remarkable induction of nondisjunction, very possibly as the result of the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.A single dose of 3 ~g/g b.w. colchicine was intraperitoneally administered to females with a normal estrous cycle at the onset of the formation of the first meiotic spindle. Chromosome analysis of a total of 2,t24 secondary oocytes revealed that the incidence of aneuploids increased significantly (p<0.001) in the experimental group (25.9%, 99 out of 382) as compared with the control group (2.0%, 35 out of 1,742). The minimum genome mutagenicity of colchicine caused nondisjunction in one or two bivalents and eventually induced a large number of aneuploid secondary oocytes within haploid range.The condition of the spindle in oocytes aged by pre-and postovulatory overripeness, both of which have been known to induce meiotic chromosomal nondisjunction, were discussed in relation to tubulin polymerization.

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confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

Sugawara

Mikamo

1980

Jap J Human Genet

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“…1). The participation of the egg microtubules during mammalian fertilization is less well understood, though microtubule inhibitors (2)(3)(4) prevent the completion of meiosis, resulting in polyploidy; microtubules have also been found within fertilized mammalian eggs with electron microscopy (5)(6)(7)(8) and during oogenesis with immunofluorescence microscopy (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtubule configurations during fertilization, mitosis, and early development in the mouse and the requirement for egg microtubule-mediated motility during mammalian fertilization.

Schatten¹,

Simerly²,

Schatten³

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

335

205

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Microtubules forming within the mouse egg during fertilization are required for the movements leading to the union of the sperm and egg nuclei (male and female pronuclei, respectively). In the unfertilized oocyte, microtubules are predominantly found in the arrested meiotic spindle. At the time for sperm incorporation, a dozen cytoplasmic asters assemble, often associated with the pronuclei. As the pronuclei move to the egg center, these asters enlarge into a dense array. At the end of first interphase, the dense array disassembles and is replaced by sheaths of microtubules surrounding the adjacent pronuclei. Syngamy (pronuclear fusion) is not observed; rather the adjacent paternal and maternal chromosome sets first meet at metaphase. The mitotic apparatus emerges from these perinuclear microtubules and is barrelshaped and anastral, reminiscent of plant cell spindles; the sperm centriole does not nucleate mitotic microtubules. After cleavage, monasters extend from each blastomere nucleus. The second division mitotic spindles also have broad poles, though by third and later diisions the spindles are typical for higher animals, with narrow mitotic poles and fusiform shapes. Colcemid, griseofulvin, and nocodazole inhibit the microtubule formation and prevent the movements leading to pronuclear union; the meiotic spindle is disassembled, and the maternal chromosomes are scattered throughout the oocyte cortex. These results indicate that microtubules forming within fertilized mouse oocytes are required for the union of the sperm and egg nuclei and raise questions about the paternal inheritance of centrioles in mammals.Fertilization results in the union of the parental genomes, and in most animals a microtubule-containing cytoskeleton forming within the activated egg participates in the motility necessary for the cytoplasmic migrations of the sperm and egg nuclei (reviewed in ref. 1). The participation of the egg microtubules during mammalian fertilization is less well understood, though microtubule inhibitors (2-4) prevent the completion of meiosis, resulting in polyploidy; microtubules have also been found within fertilized mammalian eggs with electron microscopy (5-8) and during oogenesis with immunofluorescence microscopy (9).To explore the participation of egg cytoplasmic microtubules during mammalian fertilization and early development, we have performed anti-tubulin immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy on mouse oocytes and zygotes* throughout fertilization and have studied the effects of microtubule inhibitors. These results indicate that the egg cytoplasmic microtubules, organized by sources other than the sperm centriole, are required during mammalian fertilization. MATERIALS AND METHODSVirgin CD-1 mice (Charles River Breeding Laboratories) were superovulated with 10 international units of pregnant mare serum followed 48 hr later with 10 international units of human chorionic gonadotropin (10) and introduced to experienced males. After mating, fertilized oocytes were collected (11, ...

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“…The fragmented small pronuclei of female nuclear origin could be induced in fertilized eggs by the colchicine or colcemid which had been injected to female mice and rats at about the time of ovulation Edwards, 1958Edwards, , 1961Piko and Bomsel-Helmreich, 1960;McGaughey and Chang, 1969). According to Edwards (1958), the micropronuclei were formed with the chromosomes (dyads) which had been scattered within ooplasm following the destruction of the second maturation spindle by colchicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Edwards (1958), the micropronuclei were formed with the chromosomes (dyads) which had been scattered within ooplasm following the destruction of the second maturation spindle by colchicine. He observed that some of these scattered chromosomes which were located near the egg surface could be extruded into the perivitelline space together with a small amount of ooplasm, possibly owing to the continued movements of the egg cytoplasm before fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

Mikamo

Sugawara

1980

Jap J Human Genet

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SummaryA single dose of 3/~g/g b.w. colchicine was intraperitoneally injected to female Chinese hamsters with a normal estrous cycle at the onset of the formation of the first meiotic spindle. Morphologically abnormal secondary oocytes having one or two extremely large first polar bodies occurred frequently, i.e., 47 (11.3~) out of 416 oocytes. In 30 of them, chromosome analysis was successful with both the oocytes and their giant polar body/bodies. In 25 cases, the abnormal chromosome segregation between the oocyte and its giant polar body/bodies could Ice ascertained. Three types of abnormal segregation were classified. One of them was of nondisjunction and the remaining two of anaphase lagging. ~[he fate of the lagging chromosomes was observed. They were included neither in the oocytes nor in their polar body, and eventually were degenerated within perivitelline space. The behavior and the fate of the lagging chromosomes and the mechanism of the giant polar body formation were discussed. INTROD UCTIONAccording to Hamerton (1971), the failure of inclusion of chromosomes in either daughter cell is defined as "anaphase lagging." As mentioned in Part I of our paper (Sugawara and Mikamo, 1980), the in vivo administration of colchicine to primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster induced frequently hypohaploids having a small number of dyads in the secondary oocytes. Their occurrence was apparrently related to the formation of a giant first polar body/bodies which were especially frequent in the treated oocytes. In many of them, the dyads lost from the oocytes were not included in their polar body. Therefore, the phenomenon was clearly different from the so-called nondisjunction, but very much like the anaphase lagging. This prompts us to present the observation on the process of loss of dyads

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Colchicine‐induced heteroploidy in the mouse. I. The induction of triploidy by treatment of the gametes

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

Microtubule configurations during fertilization, mitosis, and early development in the mouse and the requirement for egg microtubule-mediated motility during mammalian fertilization.

Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster

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