Col-OSSOS: Color and Inclination Are Correlated throughout the Kuiper Belt

Marsset, Michaël; Fraser, Wesley C.; Pike, Rosemary E.; Bannister, Michele; Schwamb, Megan E.; Volk, Kathryn; Kavelaars, J. J.; Alexandersen, Mike; Chen, Ying Tung; Gladman, Brett; Gwyn, Stephen; Lehner, M. J.; Peixinho, N.; Petit, J. M.; Wang, Shiang‐Yu

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf72e

Cited by 35 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…(2017) sample were plotted in Figure 3 of Bannister et al (2017a) to compare to the near simultaneous g, r, and J photometry obtained for interstellar object 'Oumuamua. Marsset et al (2019) utilizes Col-OSSOS optical colors of different OSSOS blocks that are not part of this first full data release. The colors and photometry reported here were reprocessed using the latest version of TRIPPy (Fraser et al 2016), the most recent data analysis pipeline.…”

Section: Overlap With Previous Col-ossos Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamically excited neutral class starts interior to the cold classical objects, with a division between the two only a few au inside of the current inner edge of the cold classical region, at ∼ 40 au. The higher inclinations of the neutral dynamically excited TNOs (Marsset et al 2019) imply they have experienced a more agitated dynamical history than the red ones (Gomes 2003), potentially complicating this picture. A more detailed comparison between Col-OSSOS observations and output of dynamically compatible migration simulations will test the viability of this overall compositional picture.…”

Section: The Structure Of the Protoplanetesimal Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Col-OSSOS: The Colors of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey

Schwamb

Fraser

Bannister

et al. 2019

ApJS

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The Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (Col-OSSOS) is acquiring near-simultaneous g, r, and J photometry of unprecedented precision with the Gemini North Telescope, targeting nearly a hundred trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) brighter than m r = 23.6 mag discovered in the Outer Solar System Origins Survey. Combining the optical and near-infrared photometry with the wellcharacterized detection efficiency of the Col-OSSOS target sample will provide the first flux-limited compositional dynamical map of the outer Solar System. In this paper, we describe our observing strategy and detail the data reduction processes we employ, including techniques to mitigate the impact of rotational variability. We present optical and near-infrared colors for 35 TNOs. We find two taxonomic groups for the dynamically excited TNOs, the neutral and red classes, which divide at g − r 0.75. Based on simple albedo and orbital distribution assumptions, we find that the neutral class outnumbers the red class, with a ratio of 4:1 and potentially as high as 11:1. Including in our analysis constraints from the cold classical objects, which are known to exhibit unique albedos and r − z colors, we find that within our measurement uncertainty, our observations are consistent with the primordial Solar System protoplanetesimal disk being neutral-class-dominated, with two major compositional divisions in grJ color space.

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Section: Overlap With Previous Col-ossos Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Structure Of the Protoplanetesimal Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Col-OSSOS: The Colors of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey

Schwamb

Fraser

Bannister

et al. 2019

ApJS

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“…The vast majority of Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are too faint for spectroscopic observations, but their surface composition can be studied with broadband photometry. Photometric observations indicate that the color distribution of KBOs is bimodal 11 with red (R; defined as g−i<1.2 in Wong & Brown 2017 observations made in the ugriz magnitude system) and very red (VR; g−i>1.2) classes (e.g., Luu & Jewitt 1996, 2001Tegler & Romanishin 1998, 2000Peixinho et al 2003Peixinho et al , 2008Peixinho et al , 2012Peixinho et al , 2015Tegler et al 2003Tegler et al , 2016Barucci et al 2005;Fraser & Brown 2012;Sheppard 2012;Pike et al 2017;Wong & Brown 2017;Jewitt 2018;Marsset et al 2019;Schwamb et al 2019). Known Neptune Trojans (NTs) at radial distance r ; 30 au are R (Sheppard & Trujillo 2006;Parker et al 2013;Jewitt 2018), with one known exception (2013 VX30; Lin et al 2019), and most classified cold classicals (CCs) 12 with semimajor axes 42au <a<47 au are VR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been taken as evidence that colors have something to do with the distance at which different objects formed. Confusing matters, however, the dynamically hot populations with 30au <a<50 au show a mix of R and VR colors, and there does not appear to be any obvious correlation of colors withr (e.g., Peixinho et al 2015;Marsset et al 2019). Brown et al (2011) proposed that the early surface compositions of KBOs were set by volatile evaporation after the objects formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OSSOS XX: The Meaning of Kuiper Belt Colors

Nesvorný

Vokrouhlický

Alexandersen

et al. 2020

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Observations show that 100 km class Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) can be divided into (at least) two color groups, red (R; g−i<1.2) and very red (VR; g−i>1.2), reflecting a difference in their surface composition. This is thought to imply that KBOs formed over a relatively wide range of radial distance, r. The cold classicals at 42au <r<47 au are predominantly VR, and known Neptune Trojans at r ; 30 au are mostly R. Intriguingly, however, the dynamically hot KBOs show a mix of R and VR colors and no correlation of color with r. Here we perform migration/instability simulations where the Kuiper Belt is populated from an extended planetesimal disk. We find that the color observations can be best understood if R objects formed at r<r * and VR objects at r>r * , with 30au <r * <40 au. The proposed transition at 30au <r * <40 au would explain why the VR objects in the dynamically hot population have smaller orbital inclinations than the R objects, because the orbital excitation from Neptune weakens for orbits starting beyond 30 au. Possible causes of the R-VR color bimodality are discussed.

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“…There is also a correlation between the color and the inclination of TNOs (Tegler and Romanishin, 2000;Hainaut and Delsanti, 2002;Trujillo and Brown, 2002;Doressoundiram et al, 2005;Peixinho et al, 2008Peixinho et al, , 2015. The inclination distribution in each color group suggests that these TNOs were formed from different populations of planetesimals in the disk, rather than having suffered from distinct evolution processes such as collisional resurfacing (Marsset et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

JWST/NIRSpec Prospects on Transneptunian Objects

Métayer

Guilbert-Lepoutre

Ferruit

et al. 2019

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The transneptunian region has proven to be a valuable probe to test models of the formation and evolution of the solar system. To further advance our current knowledge of these early stages requires an increased knowledge of the physical properties of Transneptunian Objects (TNOs). Colors and albedos have been the best way so far to classify and study the surface properties of a large number TNOs. However, they only provide a limited fraction of the compositional information, required for understanding the physical and chemical processes to which these objects have been exposed since their formation. This can be better achieved by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, since water ice, hydrocarbons, and nitrile compounds display diagnostic absorption bands in this wavelength range. Visible and NIR spectra taken from ground-based facilities have been observed for ∼80 objects so far, covering the full range of spectral types: from neutral to extremely red with respect to the Sun, featureless to volatile-bearing and volatile-dominated (Barkume et al., 2008; Guilbert et al., 2009; Barucci et al., 2011; Brown, 2012). The largest TNOs are bright and thus allow for detailed and reliable spectroscopy: they exhibit complex surface compositions, including water ice, methane, ammonia, and nitrogen. Smaller objects are more difficult to observe even from the largest telescopes in the world. In order to further constrain the inventory of volatiles and organics in the solar system, and understand the physical and chemical evolution of these bodies, high-quality NIR spectra of a larger sample of TNOs need to be observed. JWST/NIRSpec is expected to provide a substantial improvement in this regard, by increasing both the quality of observed spectra and the number of observed objects. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of TNO properties and provide diagnostics for using NIRSpec to constrain TNO surface compositions.

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Col-OSSOS: Color and Inclination Are Correlated throughout the Kuiper Belt

Cited by 35 publications

References 112 publications

Col-OSSOS: The Colors of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey

Col-OSSOS: The Colors of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey

OSSOS XX: The Meaning of Kuiper Belt Colors

JWST/NIRSpec Prospects on Transneptunian Objects

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