Coking of Catalysts in Catalytic Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein

Abstract

Catalytic glycerol dehydration provides a sustainable route to produce acrolein because glycerol is a bioavailable platform chemical. However, in this process catalysts are rapidly deactivated due to coking. This paper examines and discusses recent insights into coking of catalysts during catalytic glycerol dehydration. The nature and location of coke and the rate of coking depend on feedstock, operating conditions, and the acidity and pore structure of the solid catalysts. Several methods have been suggested for inhibiting the coking and slowing the deactivation of catalyst, including (1) cofeeding of oxygen, (2) tuning of the pore size of the solid acid catalysts, (3) doping noble metals (Ru, Pt, Pd) into the solid acid catalysts, and (4) designing new reactors. The present methods for inhibiting coking are still unsatisfactory. The deactivated catalysts can be regenerated by removing coke. Nevertheless, the rapid deactivation of the regenerated catalyst remains problematic. The literature survey indicates that the exact chemical compositions of the coke on the catalyst during glycerol dehydration remain elusive. The thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of coking need to be probed so as to advance the development of a catalyst with high activity, selectivity, and resistance to coking to put the catalytic glycerol dehydration into practice.

Understanding the deactivation behavior of Pt/WO3/Al2O3 catalyst in the glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction

“…1(a)). This result suggests that coking is not the major reason for the catalyst deactivation, in agreement with the literature reports [37,48].…”

Studi Literatur Pengaruh Jenis Katalis Dan Suhu Reaksi Terhadap Proses Pirolisis Gliserol Menjadi Akrolein

“…Dehidrasi gliserol fase gas menggunakan katalis padat memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan katalis fase cair karena proses pemisahan produk. Selain itu, dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa, dalam banyak kasus, hasil akrolein dalam proses fase gas lebih tinggi daripada fase cair [11]. Proses fase gas lebih unggul disebabkan oleh sifat heteropolyacids dengan keasaman Brönsted yang kuat menunjukkan aktivitas katalitik awal yang baik , dehidrasi fase gas gliserol memiliki kondisi reaksi ringan [12].…”

“…Pada data Tabel 2 menunjukkan bahwa fase gas reaksi katalitis lebih optimal pada suhu reaksi <280ºC (fase cair) menunjukkan hasil akrolein lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan suhu reaksi >280ºC (fase gas). Karena menurut Jiang [11] proses pemisahan struktur gliserol menjadi turunannya dalam fase gas lebih mudah terengkahkan oleh katalis dibandingkan dengan fase cairnya. Selain itu, studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa, dalam banyak kasus, hasil akrolein dalam proses fase gas lebih tinggi daripada yang ada di fase cair.…”

Cooperation of hierarchical pores with strong Brønsted acid sites on SAPO-34 catalysts for the glycerol dehydration to acrolein

“…The catalytic performance of the A(0.01M) catalyst was further evaluated at different reaction temperatures. Generally, the higher conversion of glycerol dehydration was observed at high temperatures, owing to it is an exothermic process [60]. For example, Kim et al [61,62], Carriço et al [63], Fernandes et al [64], and Lourenço et al [65] confirmed that the conversion of glycerol increased with increasing reaction temperature over ZSM-5 [61], β [62], MCM-22 [63], SAPO-40 [64,65], SAPO-11 [65] and SAPO-34 [65] catalysts, respectively.…”