Coke-resistant ferrite anode decorated with in-situ exsolved ceria for carbonaceous fuel oxidation

Achieving High-Efficiency CO2 Electrolysis for SrFeO3-δ-Based Symmetric Electrodes

“…The emerged peaks (Figure b) at 300–350 °C could be attributed to the reduction of Fe 4+ /Co 4+ to Fe 3+ /Co 3+ . The reduction peaks at 400–600 °C could correspond to the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and Co 3+ /Co 2+ transition, while the reduction of Co 2+ to Co 0 and Fe 2+ to Fe 0 usually occurred at 600–700 °C and 700–800 °C, respectively. ,− There was another peak above 800 °C for 5Ce5CoF, 5Ce10CoF, 10CeSCoF, and 10Ce10CoF, which could be related to the reduction of the bulk CeO 2 …”

“…The Ce 3d (Figure b) spectrum was split into multiple BE peaks, which could correspond to the Ce 3+ (880.9 eV) and Ce 4+ (916.2 eV) species, but the Ce 4+ peaks decreased and the Ce 3+ peaks exhibited were more obvious for the reduced samples. The Fe 2p (Figure c) spectrum exhibited peaks located at 709.48, 710.48, and 712.68 eV, corresponding to Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Fe 4+ , respectively . Meanwhile, there was still a minor peak at around 706.0 eV for 5Ce10CoF-R and 10Ce10CoF-R, which could be related to the exsolved Fe 0 .…”

“…40 Obviously, 5Ce10CoF and 10Ce10CoF showed a lower O ads /O latt ratio compared with their reduced samples, indicating the high [V O ] after reduction treatment. 39 The Ce 3d (Figure 5b) spectrum was split into multiple BE peaks, which could correspond to the Ce 3+ (880.9 eV) and Ce 4+ (916.2 eV) species, but the Ce 4+ peaks decreased and the Ce 3+ peaks exhibited were more obvious for the reduced samples. The Fe 2p (Figure 5c) spectrum exhibited peaks located at 709.48, 710.48, and 712.68 eV, corresponding to Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Fe 4+ , respectively.…”

“…The first BE peak was assigned to the lattice oxygen (denoted as O latt ), while the last two BE peaks correspond to the surface-adsorbed oxygen (denoted as O ads ) . Obviously, 5Ce10CoF and 10Ce10CoF showed a lower O ads /O latt ratio compared with their reduced samples, indicating the high [ V O ] after reduction treatment . The Ce 3d (Figure b) spectrum was split into multiple BE peaks, which could correspond to the Ce 3+ (880.9 eV) and Ce 4+ (916.2 eV) species, but the Ce 4+ peaks decreased and the Ce 3+ peaks exhibited were more obvious for the reduced samples.…”

“…31,36−38 There was another peak above 800 °C for 5Ce5CoF, 5Ce10CoF, 10CeSCoF, and 10Ce10CoF, which could be related to the reduction of the bulk CeO 2 . 39 The XPS spectra of O 1s (Figure 5a) of 5Ce10CoF, 10Ce10CoF, and corresponding reduced counterparts showed three different binding energy (BE) peaks at 529.3, 531.3, and 532.4 eV. The first BE peak was assigned to the lattice oxygen (denoted as O latt ), while the last two BE peaks correspond to the surface-adsorbed oxygen (denoted as O ads ).…”