Coke Formation during Thermal Treatment of Bio-oil

Hu, Xun; Zhang, Zhanming; Gholizadeh, Mortaza; Shu, Zhang; Lam, Chun Ho; Xiong, Zhe; Wang, Yi

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01323

Cited by 137 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 351 publications

(1,214 reference statements)

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“…Bio-oil is a mixture of organic compounds obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass. Among these compounds are sugar monomers and oligomers, as well as sugar derivatives, such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols [78]. e abundant presence of carboxylic acids makes the bio-oil corrosive.…”

Section: Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Industrial Cocoa Waste in Biofuel Production

Mendoza-Meneses

Feregrino-Pérez

Gutiérrez‐Antonio

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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Worldwide, the wastes derived from food production are generated in elevated volumes annually. In particular, the cocoa industrial wastes represent a source of usable biomass for the elaboration of new products such as food, livestock feed, cosmetics, and chemical products, and they can even be used for the generation of biofuels. The cocoa industrial wastes include cocoa pod husk, mucilage, and bean shells, which contain compounds of interest for different industries. However, the lignocellulose content of these by-products requires a pretreatment to fully utilize them; thus, different biofuels can be produced, depending on the conversion technology used to obtain the highest biomass yield. Recent studies reported the use of cocoa industrial wastes for the production of solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels; nevertheless, the most common use reported is as a direct combustion source, which is used to supply the same production plants. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a review on the uses of the by-products generated from cocoa for the generation of biofuels, as well as the technological concept applied for the transformation. In addition, the future trends indicate the relevance of using catalysts in production to increase reactions in the conversion of compounds, including the use of statistical models to optimize the processing variables.

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Section: Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Industrial Cocoa Waste in Biofuel Production

Mendoza-Meneses

Feregrino-Pérez

Gutiérrez‐Antonio

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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“…Currently, most industrial chemicals as well as those used in daily life are obtained from fossil fuel feedstocks. Nevertheless, research on the production and separation of chemicals from bio-oil has been stimulated in the last few years [58]. Different methods have been applied to separate chemicals from bio-oil.…”

Section: Bio-oil To High-value Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel and Other Value-Added Products from Bio-Oil Obtained from Agrifood Waste

Sánchez-Borrego¹,

Mateos²,

García‐Martín³

2021

Processes

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Bio-oil is a promising source of chemicals and renewable fuels. As the liquid phase obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass, the composition and amount of bio-oil generated depend not only on the type of the biomass but also on the conditions under which pyrolysis is performed. Most fossil fuels can be replaced by bio-oil-derived products. Thus, bio-oil can be used directly or co-fed along with fossil fuels in boilers, transformed into fuel for car engines by hydrodeoxygenation or even used as a more suitable source for H2 production than biomass. On the other hand, due to its rich composition in compounds resulting from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, bio-oil co-acts as a source of various value-added chemicals such as aromatic compounds. This review presents an overview of the potential applications of bio-oils and the pyrolysis conditions under which they are obtained. Then, different extraction methods for value-added chemicals, along with the most recent developments, are discussed and future research directions for bio-oil upgrades are highlighted.

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“…Fixed bed reactors are more commonly used and, as shown in Figure 4, they are typically made up of a cylindrical vessel packed with catalyst pellets. However, fixed bed reactors are susceptible to coke deposition over the catalyst surface, limiting the operating time and hydrogen yield due to the large amount of residue formed, especially when reforming larger model compounds or crude bio-oil [105]. Thus, this type of reactor is preferred for the reforming of lighter model compounds, such as acetic acid and ethanol.…”

Section: Effect Of the Reactor Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is more pronounced when reforming raw bio-oil. An excellent review, presenting issues related to coking in the processes of bio-oil upgrading, the properties of coke formed, the mechanism for coking and the methods developed for tackling it has been provided by Hu et al [105].…”

Section: Coke Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the effect that the molecular structure of different oxygenated compounds has on coking, model compounds are employed. The coke formed also has different properties, depending on the structures of the different feedstock [85,105]. Figure 7 depicts encapsulating coke, with aliphatic and higher aromatic nature, placed in the most superficial and inner layers, respectively, and filamentous coke with more carbonized structure and/or polyaromatic with low oxygenates content [146,147].…”

Section: Coke Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in the Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Operating Parameters, Catalytic Systems and Technological Innovations

et al. 2021

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The present review focuses on the production of renewable hydrogen through the catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil, the liquid product of the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Although in theory the process is capable of producing high yields of hydrogen, in practice, certain technological issues require radical improvements before its commercialization. Herein, we illustrate the fundamental knowledge behind the technology of the steam reforming of bio-oil and critically discuss the major factors influencing the reforming process such as the feedstock composition, the reactor design, the reaction temperature and pressure, the steam to carbon ratio and the hour space velocity. We also emphasize the latest research for the best suited reforming catalysts among the specific groups of noble metal, transition metal, bimetallic and perovskite type catalysts. The effect of the catalyst preparation method and the technological obstacle of catalytic deactivation due to coke deposition, metal sintering, metal oxidation and sulfur poisoning are addressed. Finally, various novel modified steam reforming techniques which are under development are discussed, such as the in-line two-stage pyrolysis and steam reforming, the sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) and the chemical looping steam reforming (CLSR). Moreover, we argue that while the majority of research studies examine hydrogen generation using different model compounds, much work must be done to optimally treat the raw or aqueous bio-oil mixtures for efficient practical use. Moreover, further research is also required on the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the process, as these have not yet been fully understood.

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Coke Formation during Thermal Treatment of Bio-oil

Cited by 137 publications

References 351 publications

Potential Use of Industrial Cocoa Waste in Biofuel Production

Potential Use of Industrial Cocoa Waste in Biofuel Production

Biodiesel and Other Value-Added Products from Bio-Oil Obtained from Agrifood Waste

Recent Progress in the Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Operating Parameters, Catalytic Systems and Technological Innovations

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