Coinfection With Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 in Children: Pathogenesis and Screening

Abstract

evaluated the effects of such exposure on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months or on the overall duration of breastfeeding.One could argue about whether supplements are actually needed in most circumstances. However, regardless of its utility, early supplementation is practiced in many communities and thus should be appropriately addressed in well-conducted RCTs. In addition to addressing outcomes studied herein (breastfeeding success and duration), these trials should investigate other potential effects of supplemental feedings in early life. For example, exposure to formula can alter the gut microflora, which may affect gastrointestinal development and immune function. 3 There is also considerable debate about the effect of exposure to cow's milk proteins on the risk of diabetes mellitus. 4 In summary, this review clearly demonstrates the lack of adequate RCT evidence to support or refute the notion that brief exposure of breastfed infants to other liquids or feedings influences the success and/or duration of future breastfeeding. Thus, well-designed and wellconducted RCTs are needed to resolve this issue.