Coinfection with Eimeria spp. decreases bacteremia and spinal lesions caused by pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum

Borst, Luke B.; McLamb, K.A.; Suyemoto, M. Mitsu; Chen, L.R.; Levy, Michael G.; Sarsour, A.H.; Cordova, H Alejandro; Barnes, H. John; Oviedo-Rondón, E. O.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.014

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This study also reported a decrease in E. cecorum-positive spleen cultures in the co-infected group. The authors postulated that these results could be explained by "increased non-specific immune surveillance of the intestine", triggered by coccidia, which could decrease the rate of bacterial translocation from the intestine to the bloodstream and bones [34]. The results of our study are consistent with this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A previous study investigating the effects of intestinal inflammation on bacteremia and BCO reported a reduced incidence of E. cecorum-derived spinal BCO when birds were co-infected with E. cecorum and coccidia, compared to birds infected only with E. cecorum [34]. This study also reported a decrease in E. cecorum-positive spleen cultures in the co-infected group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (Femoral Head Necrosis) Induced by a Model of Skeletal Stress and its Correlation with Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis

2020

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Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a septic necrosis of the skeletal system of unknown origin and an important cause of lameness in broiler chickens. Epithelial inflammation has been proposed as an avenue for bacterial translocation leading to BCO. We evaluated the effect of subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE), an intestinal inflammatory event, with the development of BCO. In each of two experiments, chickens were divided into three treatments: (1) SNE challenge, including both dietary (wheat- and fish-based diet) and intestinal pathogenic challenges (Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens), (2) dietary challenge only, and (3) control diet (corn-and soy-based diet). Floor ramps were introduced as part of an established method for increasing the frequency of BCO. The efficacy of the SNE challenge was corroborated by necropsy evaluation of a representative sample of the population. At the end of each experiment, all birds were evaluated for BCO. A high incidence of BCO was found, even in birds with no external signs of lameness. However, the incidence of BCO was not correlated with the intestinal challenge. Conclusions: under the conditions used in these studies, a treatment that is associated with severe damage to the intestinal mucosa does not change the incidence of BCO in broiler chickens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (Femoral Head Necrosis) Induced by a Model of Skeletal Stress and its Correlation with Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis

2020

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“…In broilers, transmission via the fecal-oral route is most likely, although infection via the respiratory tract has also been discussed [3,9]. Potential predisposing factors for the development of the EC-associated disease, such as environmental conditions, co-infection with other pathogens, and osteochondrotic lesions at the FTV, have been discussed and investigated [10,18,19]. However, it remains unclear which internal and external factors enable EC to translocate from the gut to other tissues [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential predisposing factors for the development of the EC-associated disease, such as environmental conditions, co-infection with other pathogens, and osteochondrotic lesions at the FTV, have been discussed and investigated [10,18,19]. However, it remains unclear which internal and external factors enable EC to translocate from the gut to other tissues [18]. In the literature, usually a distinction is made between pathogenic and commensal strains, but there is limited information on specific characteristics (e.g., virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance or serotypes) [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different virulence levels of Enterococcus cecorum strains in experimentally infected meat-type chickens

2021

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In recent years, pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum (EC) have emerged as a causing agent of septicemia and skeletal infection in broiler chickens with a high economic impact worldwide. Although research has been conducted, many aspects of the pathogenesis of the EC-associated disease are still unknown. In the present study, an experimental infection model was established in broiler chickens. Two different EC strains (EC14 and EC15) were compared in two different concentrations of each strain (2 × 106 and 2 × 108 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)) after oral infection of one-day-old chicks. Clinical signs and gross lesions of the EC-associated disease were monitored in the following seven weeks. Although both EC strains were originally isolated from clinical disease outbreaks and had a high embryonic lethality, only EC14 successfully induced the typical course of the EC-associated disease with characteristic clinical signs and gross lesions. In total, 23% of the birds in the two EC14-groups were EC-positive in extraintestinal organs on culture, and no differences were found between the two infectious doses. EC14 was frequently detected via real-time PCR in the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) and femoral heads without any detectable gross lesions. The number of EC positive spleens from infected broilers was comparable using bacterial isolation and a specific real-time PCR. Interestingly, EC15 was not detected in extraintestinal organs, although birds in the EC15 groups were colonized by EC in the ceca after experimental infection. The present study represents first proof that virulence differs among EC strains in experimentally infected chickens, and emphasizes the need to further characterize virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of EC. The strain EC14 at a dose of 106 CFU is suitable for reproduction of the EC-associated disease. The experimental infection model reported here provides the basis for further research on the EC pathogenesis and possible prevention and intervention strategies.

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“…might enhance the survival of other pathogenic intestinal bacteria and co-infections, leading to increased virulence [ 10 ]. In contrast, infections with other intestinal pathogens decrease bacteremia and spinal lesions caused by pathogenic E. cecorum [ 11 ]. These observations indicate interactions of Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History

et al. 2021

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Minimizing the clinical signs of Enterococcus cecorum infections causing enterococcal spondylitis in broiler herds is successful when initiated as metaphylaxis in the first week of life. Mechanistically, either the Enterococcus species present at that time are reduced by antibiotic treatment or antibiotic treatment might induce changes in intestinal microbiota composition with an indirect and subsequent influence. The aim of the present study was to examine the cecal microbiota of chickens after administering lincospectin or different additives to evaluate whether these additives have lincospectin-like effects on microbiota. Therefore, 157,400 broiler chickens were reared in four chicken houses (~40,000 birds each) on a broiler farm with history of enterococcal spondylitis. Each flock was treated either with lincospectin or water soluble esterified butyrins, Bacillus (B.) licheniformis or palm oil was added via drinking water during the first days of life. Ten birds per house were dissected at days 11, 20 and 33 of life and cecal microbiota were analyzed (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Lincospectin treatment elicited significant changes in the cecal microbiota composition until slaughter age. Among the tested additives, effects of B. licheniformis on cecal microbiota composition were most similar to those seen after the treatment with lincospectin at day 11.

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Coinfection with Eimeria spp. decreases bacteremia and spinal lesions caused by pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (Femoral Head Necrosis) Induced by a Model of Skeletal Stress and its Correlation with Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis

Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (Femoral Head Necrosis) Induced by a Model of Skeletal Stress and its Correlation with Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis

Different virulence levels of Enterococcus cecorum strains in experimentally infected meat-type chickens

Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History

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