Coincidence Timing of a Tennis Stroke: Effects of Age, Skill Level, Gender, Stimulus Velocity, and Attention Demand

Williams, L. R. T.; Katene, Will; Fleming, K.

doi:10.1080/02701367.2002.10608989

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Men were more consistent and accurate in their performance than the women (see Table 4). The current result replicated prior work (Wrisberg, Paul, & Ragsdale, 1979;Payne, 1988;Payne & Michael, 1990;Williams & Jasiewicz, 2001;Williams, Katene, & Fleming, 2002) who showed advantages for men in both VE and E of anticipation scores for both KR and no-KR trials. Although the current findings support prior work, the basis for sex advantage for men is currently unknown but could be associated with their higher rates of sport participation (Petrakis, 1985), sociocultural variables (Singer, 1980), differing motor abilities (Wrisberg, et al, 1979;Schiff & Oldak, 1990), or different strategies in responding (Williams, et al, 2002).…”

Section: Sex and Task Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

Generalization of Error Detection across Motor Tasks by Men and Women

Sherwood

2008

Percept Mot Skills

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One of the cornerstones of the human motor learning process is the ability to self-detect and self-correct movement errors. However, despite their importance, relatively little research has been done on these topics. One unanswered question is whether error detection is a general ability or one specific to the task to be learned. To investigate this issue, 66 college-age participants (49 women and 17 men) performed four motor learning tasks: an anticipation-timing task, a slow arm-positioning task, a rapid arm-movement task (400-msec. goal), and a tone-duration production task (400-msec. goal). 50 practice trials were provided on each task, 35 with knowledge of results (KR) and 15 without KR. Participants verbally estimated error on all trials before KR was given, except for the slow positioning task on which overall error in performance was the measure of error detection. Error detection was developed for each task but transfer of this ability only occurred when two tasks shared the same movement pattern. Men performed better on anticipation-timing than women, but men and women detected errors equally well on all tasks.

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Section: Sex and Task Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

Generalization of Error Detection across Motor Tasks by Men and Women

Sherwood

2008

Percept Mot Skills

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“…The idea that the sex difference appeared post-puberty was prompted by three failures to find the sex difference in children age 5-12 years (Isaacs, 1983;Wrisberg & Mead, 1981, 1983. However, sex differences favoring males have been reported not only for adolescents (Rodrigues, Freitas, Vasconcelos, & Barreiros, 2007;Rodrigues, Vasconcelos, Barreiros, Barbosa, & Trifilio, 2009;Smith & McPhee, 1987;Williams, Katene, & Fleming, 2002) but also for children as young as 6 or 7 years (Bard, Fleury, Carrière, & Bellec, 1981;Dorfman, 1977;Dunham, 1977;Dunham & Reid, 1987). Readers interested in wider aspects of time estimation are directed to two recent reviews (Grodin, 2008;Meck, 2003).…”

Section: Coincidence-anticipation Timingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex Differences in Accuracy and Precision When Judging Time to Arrival: Data from Two Internet Studies

Sanders

Sinclair

2010

Arch Sex Behav

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We report two Internet studies that investigated sex differences in the accuracy and precision of judging time to arrival. We used accuracy to mean the ability to match the actual time to arrival and precision to mean the consistency with which each participant made their judgments. Our task was presented as a computer game in which a toy UFO moved obliquely towards the participant through a virtual three-dimensional space on route to a docking station. The UFO disappeared before docking and participants pressed their space bar at the precise moment they thought the UFO would have docked. Study 1 showed it was possible to conduct quantitative studies of spatiotemporal judgments in virtual reality via the Internet and confirmed reports that men are more accurate because women underestimate, but found no difference in precision measured as intra-participant variation. Study 2 repeated Study 1 with five additional presentations of one condition to provide a better measure of precision. Again, men were more accurate than women but there were no sex differences in precision. However, within the coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) literature, of those studies that report sex differences, a majority found that males are both more accurate and more precise than females. Noting that many CAT studies report no sex differences, we discuss appropriate interpretations of such null findings. While acknowledging that CAT performance may be influenced by experience we suggest that the sex difference may have originated among our ancestors with the evolutionary selection of men for hunting and women for gathering.

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“…This behaviour, whereby participants modulate their movement response to the speed of the stimulus (when the task does not require near maximal movement speed at the point of interception), has been denoted velocity or intensity coupling (Li & Laurent, 1995). Importantly, velocity coupling behaviour has been shown to occur during a simulated tennis backhand groundstroke using lights to simulate the approaching ball (Williams, Katene, & Fleming, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The physiological cost of velocity coupling during tennis groundstrokes

Cooke¹,

Davey

2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Velocity coupling denotes a perceptual motor behaviour known to occur during coincidence timing tasks. Individuals have been shown to increase their effector limb speed with increases in stimulus speed during interceptive tasks. However, little is known about the physiological effects of velocity coupling. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological cost of velocity coupling during tennis groundstrokes. Eight male and eight female competitive tennis players volunteered to perform three 4-min bouts of continuous groundstrokes against balls projected from a tennis ball machine at speeds of 18, 22, and 27 m x s(-1) (65, 79, and 97 km x h(-1)) and a frequency of 14 balls per minute, the order of which was counterbalanced. Breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, locomotion time, and limb acceleration were measured throughout each of the 4-min bouts. Capillary blood samples (for blood lactate analysis), rating of perceived exertion, and difficulty rating were taken at the end of each bout. Increasing ball speed did not influence the locomotion time between groundstrokes but did result in a bilateral increase in both the mean upper- and lower-limb acceleration (all P < 0.05). Velocity coupling behaviour increased oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and perceived task difficulty (all P < 0.05). It would appear, therefore, that velocity coupling influenced tennis groundstroke behaviour and indirectly modified the concurrent cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses.

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Coincidence Timing of a Tennis Stroke: Effects of Age, Skill Level, Gender, Stimulus Velocity, and Attention Demand

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Generalization of Error Detection across Motor Tasks by Men and Women

Generalization of Error Detection across Motor Tasks by Men and Women

Sex Differences in Accuracy and Precision When Judging Time to Arrival: Data from Two Internet Studies

The physiological cost of velocity coupling during tennis groundstrokes

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