Cohort studies of long-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter and risks of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Robust evidence is needed for the hazardous effects of outdoor particulate matter (PM) on mortality and morbidity from all types of cancers. To summarize and meta-analyze the association between PM and cancer, published articles reporting associations between outdoor PM exposure and any type of cancer with individual outcome assessment that provided a risk estimate in cohort studies were identified via systematic searches. Of 3,256 records, 47 studies covering 13 cancer sites (30 for lung cancer, 12 for breast cancer, 11 for other cancers) were included in the quantitative evaluation. The pooled relative risks (RRs) for lung cancer incidence or mortality associated with every 10-μg/m 3 PM 2.5 or PM 10 were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.23; I 2 = 81%) or 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02–1.45; I 2 = 96%), respectively. Increased but non-significant risks were found for breast cancer. Other cancers were shown to be associated with PM exposure in some studies but not consistently and thus warrant further investigation.

Cohort-based long-term ozone exposure-associated mortality risks with adjusted metrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our review highlights a deficiency in current environmental health research literature: studies on long-term O 3 exposure health effects are still rather rare compared to particulate matter-based studies. 78 Additionally, the meta-analysis results may be geographically biased, since large-scale O 3 exposure health risk studies up to 2022 did not cover Asian, African, or Latin American regions. However, there are some thriving cohort projects such as the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network covering over 22 countries or regions, 79 and the China Kadoorie Biobank enrolling over 0.5 million people, 80 enabling environmental exposure research.…”

Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States

“…1 , 2 , 3 Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer, and premature mortality. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Several studies also suggest that long-term PM 2.5 exposure is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. 9 , 10 , 11 …”

“…[1][2][3] Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer, and premature mortality. [4][5][6][7][8] Several studies also suggest that long-term PM 2.5 exposure is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. [9][10][11] Dementia is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and a major public health concern.…”

Long-term ozone exposure associated cause-specific mortality risks with adjusted metrics by cohort studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our review highlights a deficiency existing in current environmental health research literatures, that studies on long-term O 3 exposure health effects are still rather rare compared to particulate matter-based studies. 78 Also, the meta-analysis results might be geographically-biased, since large-scale O 3 exposure health risk studies till 2022 did not cover Asia, Africa or Latin America regions. However, there are some thriving cohorts such as the Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network covering over 22 countries or regions, 79 and the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) enrolling over 0.5 million people, 80 working on environmental exposure projects.…”