Cohort Profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)

Sonnega, Amanda; Faul, Jessica D.; Ofstedal, Mary Beth; Langa, Kenneth M.; Phillips, John R.; Weir, David R.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyu067

Cited by 1,423 publications

(1,288 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We studied participants in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal survey of 37 000 adults aged over 50 in 23 000 households 15. The study uses a multistage probability sample to identify participants 15.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The socioeconomic and racial distribution of the cohort is broadly representative of the older US population 1617 18 The cohort is interviewed every two years with a follow-up rate consistently over 90% 15. Survey questions focus on wealth, health, cognition, and employment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survey questions focus on wealth, health, cognition, and employment. Data are also linked to federal health insurance (Medicare) claims 15. Participants provide informed consent on enrollment in HRS and again for linkage to Medicare insurance claims.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late mortality after sepsis: propensity matched cohort study

Prescott

Osterholzer

Langa

et al. 2016

BMJ

256

214

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Objectives To determine whether late mortality after sepsis is driven predominantly by pre-existing comorbid disease or is the result of sepsis itself.Deign Observational cohort study.Setting US Health and Retirement Study.Participants 960 patients aged ≥65 (1998-2010) with fee-for-service Medicare coverage who were admitted to hospital with sepsis. Patients were matched to 777 adults not currently in hospital, 788 patients admitted with non-sepsis infection, and 504 patients admitted with acute sterile inflammatory conditions.Main outcome measures Late (31 days to two years) mortality and odds of death at various intervals.Results Sepsis was associated with a 22.1% (95% confidence interval 17.5% to 26.7%) absolute increase in late mortality relative to adults not in hospital, a 10.4% (5.4% to 15.4%) absolute increase relative to patients admitted with non-sepsis infection, and a 16.2% (10.2% to 22.2%) absolute increase relative to patients admitted with sterile inflammatory conditions (P<0.001 for each comparison). Mortality remained higher for at least two years relative to adults not in hospital.Conclusions More than one in five patients who survives sepsis has a late death not explained by health status before sepsis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late mortality after sepsis: propensity matched cohort study

Prescott

Osterholzer

Langa

et al. 2016

BMJ

256

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The HRS is an ongoing nationally representative panel study of United States adults aged 50 and older. The study has interviewed respondents every 2 y since 1992, and new cohorts are added to keep the study sample representative (54). Over the course of the study it has interviewed over 37,000 people.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services

Kim

Strecher

Ryff

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

204

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Purpose in life has been linked with better health (mental and physical) and health behaviors, but its link with patterns of health care use are understudied. We hypothesized that people with higher purpose would be more proactive in taking care of their health, as indicated by a higher likelihood of using preventive health care services. We also hypothesized that people with higher purpose would spend fewer nights in the hospital. Participants (n = 7,168) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50, and tracked for 6 y. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, each unit increase in purpose (on a six-point scale) was associated with a higher likelihood that people would obtain a cholesterol test [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.29] or colonoscopy (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.99-1.14). Furthermore, females were more likely to receive a mammogram/ X-ray (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.39) or pap smear (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28), and males were more likely to receive a prostate examination (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.18-1.45). Each unit increase in purpose was also associated with 17% fewer nights spent in the hospital (rate ratio = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.77-0.89). An increasing number of randomized controlled trials show that purpose in life can be raised. Therefore, with additional research, findings from this study may inform the development of new strategies that increase the use of preventive health care services, offset the burden of rising health care costs, and enhance the quality of life among people moving into the ranks of our aging society.purpose in life | meaning in life | well-being | health screening T hree factors converge to underscore the heightened importance of preventive health care services among United States adults. First, there is the rapidly aging population: by 2050, the number of United States adults over the age of 65 is estimated to double (1). Second, there is the rising cost of medical care: chronic illnesses and end-of-life issues that older adults face are expensive. The Congressional Budget office projects that spending on Medicare will nearly double as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), from 3.7% in 2012 to 7.3% by 2050 (2). Third, despite spending more on health care than any country in the world, United States adults generally have poorer health and lower life expectancies than those in other developed countries (3,4). This health disadvantage is not solely attributable to those who are poor and underprivileged, because even wealthy, educated Americans are in poorer health than their counterparts in comparable countries (3, 4).These troublesome realities could be offset by greater use of preventive health care services, which are known to enhance health and reduce health care costs. However, in 2007 the Brookings Institution estimated that only 4% of the $1.7 trillion spent on national health expenditures was for prevention (5). Older adults, in particular, use less prev...

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“…The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative longitudinal sample of the U.S. population 50 years and older that was interviewed approximately every 2 years since 1992 (26). It is refreshed with new members every 6 years to maintain age representativeness.…”

Section: Health and Retirement Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Trials Targeting Aging and Age-Related Multimorbidity

Espeland

Crimmins

Grossardt

et al. 2016

GERONA

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Background: There is growing interest in identifying interventions that may increase health span by targeting biological processes underlying aging. The design of efficient and rigorous clinical trials to assess these interventions requires careful consideration of eligibility criteria, outcomes, sample size, and monitoring plans. Methods: Experienced geriatrics researchers and clinical trialists collaborated to provide advice on clinical trial design. Results: Outcomes based on the accumulation and incidence of age-related chronic diseases are attractive for clinical trials targeting aging. Accumulation and incidence rates of multimorbidity outcomes were developed by selecting at-risk subsets of individuals from three large cohort studies of older individuals. These provide representative benchmark data for decisions on eligibility, duration, and assessment protocols. Monitoring rules should be sensitive to targeting aging-related, rather than disease-specific, outcomes. Conclusions: Clinical trials targeting aging are feasible, but require careful design consideration and monitoring rules.

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Cohort Profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)

Cited by 1,423 publications

References 35 publications

Late mortality after sepsis: propensity matched cohort study

Late mortality after sepsis: propensity matched cohort study

Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services

Clinical Trials Targeting Aging and Age-Related Multimorbidity

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