Cohort Profile: The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!)

Carsley, Sarah; Borkhoff, Cornelia M.; Maguire, Jonathon L.; Birken, Catherine S.; Khovratovich, Marina; McCrindle, Brian W.; Macarthur, Colin; Parkin, Patricia C.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyu123

Cited by 164 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Details of study recruitment, including study protocol, have been described previously. 22 The study was approved by the Hospital for Sick Children and St Michael's Hospital Research Ethics Boards. All parents of participating children provided written, informed consent to participate in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BMI-for-Age and Weight-for-Length in Children 0 to 2 Years

et al. 2016

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on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine the agreement between weight-for-length and BMI-for-age in children 0 to <2 years by using research-collected data, examine factors that may affect agreement, and determine if agreement differs between research-and routinely collected data. METHODS:Cross-sectional data on healthy, term-born children (n = 1632) aged 0 to <2 years attending the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada (December 2008-October 2014 were collected. Multiple visits for each child were included. Length (cm) and weight (kg) measurements were obtained by trained research assistants during research visits, and by nonresearch staff during all other visits. BMI-for-age z-scores were compared with weight-for-length z-scores (the criterion measure). RESULTS:The correlation between weight-for-length and BMI-for-age was strong (r = 0.986, P < .0001) and Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement (difference = −0.08, SD = 0.20, P = .91). A small proportion (6.3%) of observations were misclassified and most misclassifications occurred near the percentile cutoffs. There were no differences by age and sex. Agreement was similar between research-and routinely collected data (r = 0.99, P < .001; mean difference −0.84, SD = 0.20, P = .67). CONCLUSIONS:Weight-for-length and BMI-for-age demonstrated high agreement with low misclassification. BMI-for-age may be an appropriate indicator of growth in the first 2 years of life and has the potential to be used from birth to adulthood. Additional investigation is needed to determine if BMI-for-age in children <2 years is associated with future health outcomes. St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ms Furlong and Dr Anderson conceptualized and designed the study, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data, and drafted the manuscript; Ms Kang contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data; Drs Lebovic and Birken conceptualized and designed the study and contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data; Drs Parkin, Maguire, and O'Connor assisted in refi ning the study design and contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data; and all authors contributed to the revision of the manuscript, approved the fi nal version submitted for publication, and agreed to act as guarantors of the work. Growth monitoring continues to be the most valuable clinical and public health tool to monitor growth and assess the health and nutritional status of children. 1, 2 Growth monitoring of children 0 to 18 years old in primary care is recommended by numerous expert bodies worldwide. [3][4][5][6] In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed new growth reference charts that were constructed from the monitoring of growth, in a longitudinal manner, of healthy, singleton, term-born children in 6 ethnically diverse countries. 7,8 These charts represent ideal growth in children under optimal environmental conditions for growth and have percentile cutoffs that can be u...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(An ancestor is usually more distinct than a grandparent.)" 24 Response categories (described elsewhere) 22,24 were then collapsed into the following subcategories: European; East, South, and Southeast Asian; African and Caribbean; Latin American; West Asian, Arab, and North African; and Mixed.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI-for-Age and Weight-for-Length in Children 0 to 2 Years

et al. 2016

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“…is a collaboration between child health researchers in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto and primary care phys icians in the university's Department of Paediatrics and Department of Family and Community Medicine. 10 Children 1-6 years of age were recruited from 7 pediatric or family medicine primary care practices during routinely scheduled well-child visits between December 2008 and September 2013. We excluded children who had a condition affecting growth (e.g., failure to thrive, cystic fibrosis), a chronic illness (excluding asthma) or severe developmental delay.…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of non–cow’s milk beverages and serum vitamin D levels in early childhood

Lee

Birken

Parkin

et al. 2014

CMAJ

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“…Children aged 24-72 mo attending their annual well-child visits were recruited from 9 family and pediatric primary health care practices in Toronto, Canada, from December 2008 to September 2015 (26). Children were excluded from the TARGetKids!…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between noncow milk beverage consumption and childhood height

Morency

Birken

Lebovic

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Cow milk consumption in childhood has been associated with increased height, which is an important measure of children's growth and development. Many parents are choosing noncow milk beverages such as soy and almond milk because of perceived health benefits. However, noncow milk contains less protein and fat than cow milk and may not have the same effect on height. Objective: We sought to determine whether there is an association between noncow milk consumption and lower height in childhood and assess whether cow milk consumption mediates the relation between noncow milk consumption and height. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 5034 healthy Canadian children aged 24-72 mo enrolled in the Applied Research Group for Kids cohort. The primary exposure was the volume of noncow milk consumption (number of 250-mL cups per day). The primary outcome was height, which was measured as height-for-age z score. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between noncow milk consumption and height. A mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether cow milk consumption mediated the association between noncow milk consumption and height. Results: There was a dose-dependent association between higher noncow milk consumption and lower height (P , 0.0001). For each daily cup of noncow milk consumed, children were 0.4 cm (95% CI: 0.2, 0.8 cm) shorter. In the mediation analysis, lower cow milk consumption only partially mediated the association between noncow milk consumption and lower height. The height difference for a child aged 3 y consuming 3 cups noncow milk/d relative to 3 cups cow milk/d was 1.5 cm (95% CI: 0.8, 2.0 cm). Conclusions: Noncow milk consumption was associated with lower childhood height. Future research is needed to understand the causal relations between noncow milk consumption and height.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:597-602.

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Cohort Profile: The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!)

Cited by 164 publications

References 24 publications

BMI-for-Age and Weight-for-Length in Children 0 to 2 Years

BMI-for-Age and Weight-for-Length in Children 0 to 2 Years

Consumption of non–cow’s milk beverages and serum vitamin D levels in early childhood

Association between noncow milk beverage consumption and childhood height

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