Cohort Profile: Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort(BHACS)

Abstract

BHACS was established to fill the lack of a large representative cohort of the elderly based on general populations and was designed to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of cognitive decline, functional disability, and conventional vascular risk factors. The objectives were to determine the evolution of those diseases by estimating rates and impact factors of progression and reversion to adverse outcomes including dementia, cardiovascular events, cancer, and all-cause death. Therefore, it can provide evidence to help policy-makers develop better policies to promote healthy aging in China. BHACS was formed by three cohorts in Beijing with a total population of 11 235 (6281 in urban, 4954 in rural), the baseline survey time and follow-up time differed between the three. BLSA was followed up in 2014 with the baseline survey completed in 2009; CCHS-Beijing was followed up twice in 2015-2016 and 2018-2019 as its baseline survey was performed in 2013-2015; BECHCS was followed up every two or three years with the baseline investigation completed in 2010-2014. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory analysis. Topics of BHACS include numerous physical and mental health indicators, living habits, and personal, familial, and socio-economic health determinants. There is no immediate plan to make the cohort data freely available in the public domain, specific proposals for further collaboration are welcome.

Biosurfactants: Possible Roles in Environmental Management -a Review

“…At concentrations over the critical concentration of micelle, the biosurfactant molecule is preferentially oriented at the oilwater interface to form surfactant-stabilized droplets and to reduce the surface tension of water. Microbial degradation and assimilation of the surfactant stabilized droplets thereby sanctifying the water (Sánchez, 2022;Li et al, 2023) Removal of oil spill on the soil environment Degradation depends on the presence of microbes that break down hydrocarbons in the soil, the composition of the hydrocarbons, the availability of oxygen, the presence of water, the temperature, the pH, and the inorganic nutrients (Lee et al, 2008;Sánchez, 2022). The biological breakdown of a hydrocarbon can also be impacted by its physical state.…”